纳西语存在类动词的类型学研究  

A Typological Study of Existential Verbs in the Naxi Language

作　　者：杨佳 YANG Jia

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学外国语学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《民族语文》2024年第2期69-80,共12页Minority Languages of China

摘　　要：本文对纳西语存在类动词的类别、语义特征和句法特征进行分析,并与亲属语言作类型学比较。纳西语有四个存在类动词,语义上呈现互补分布,决定其分布的要素有存在主体(生命度)、存在方式(不可移动性)和存在处所(包含性)等,属于藏缅语中较为典型的语义分割模式。句法上存在动词体现出分析性特征,没有时、态和人称、数的变化,但可与部分体助词共现。四个存在类动词具有高度相似的概念结构,都能进入存在、处所和领有结构。存在类动词在汉藏语系亲属语言间的分合关系具有类型学上的共性和个性,反映了语言使用者认知方式的相似与相异。This paper analyzes the categories,semantic features,and grammatical characteristics of existential verbs in the Naxi language and conducts a typological comparison of them with their counterparts in related languages.The Naxi language has four existential verbs,which are complementary in semantic distribution based on factors such as subject of existence(animacy),manner of existence(immobility),and place of existence(inclusion),reflecting a typical semantic segmentation model of Tibeto-Burman languages.Syntactically,these existential verbs exhibit analytic characteristics,lacking morphological inflections for tense,aspect,voice,person,and number,though they can co-occur with certain auxiliary words.The four existential verbs share highly similar conceptual structures and can all be used in expressions of existence,location,and possession.The relationships and differences among existential verbs in Sino-Tibetan languages reveal both common typological patterns and unique features,highlighting the cognitive styles of language users.

关 键 词：纳西语 存在类动词 类型学 语义特征 句法特征 

分 类 号：H2[语言文字—少数民族语言]