理解“资本主义”:马克思、松巴特、韦伯相关理论之比较  

Understanding“Capitalism”:A Theoretical Comparison Between Marx,Sombart and Weber

作　　者：姜宏 Jiang Hong(Max Weber Institute of Sociology,University of Heidelberg)

机构地区：[1]海德堡大学马克斯·韦伯社会学研究所

出　　处：《经济思想史学刊》2024年第2期100-130,共31页Bulletin of the History of Economic Thought

摘　　要：现代资本主义的兴起是社会科学领域最重要的研究主题之一。作为一个思想概念的“资本主义”,主要源于马克思对于资本主义生产方式的剖析。马克思的分析图式受到德国历史学派的影响,而这一点长期为学者所忽视。马克思对“资本主义”的观点,在《资本论》创作前后经历了一次转向,产生了两个用法。马克思之后,德国青年历史学派的代表人物松巴特和韦伯,依托历史学派的传统立场,从马克思主义唯物史观的反方向分析资本主义的兴起,构建起了更复杂的“资本主义”学说。源于德国思想界的这些“资本主义”理论,比现代经济学更早地,某种程度也更深刻地触及了欧洲兴起这个主题。研究“资本主义”概念的构建、演化过程,不仅从理论上对于加深经济思想史和经济史研究具有重要意义,而且对于我们理解现代化与建设自主的知识体系,也有着实践上的重要价值。The genesis of modern capitalism is one of the most intriguing topics in social sciences.“Capitalism”as an intellectual concept mainly stems from Marx's analysis of the capitalist mode of production.Marx's relevant analysis was greatly influenced by the German Historical School,which has long been ignored by scholars.Marx's perspective on“capitalism”underwent a shift before and after the creation of Das Kapital,resulting in two different usages.After Marx,two representatives of the Younger German Historical School,Sombart and Weber,built upon the orthodox stance of the Historical School,analyzed the genesis of capitalism from the opposite direction of Marxist historical materialism,and constructed more complex theories of“Capitalism”.These German theories of“Capitalism”touched on the theme of the genesis of the West earlier and to a certain extent more profoundly than modern economics.Studying the construction and evolution process of the theories of“Capitalism”is not only theoretically important for deepening the study of the history of economic thought and economic history,but also has crucial practical value for our understanding of modernization and the construction of an independent knowledge system.

关 键 词：资本主义 卡尔·马克思 维尔纳·松巴特 马克斯·韦伯 德国历史学派 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] F014[经济管理—政治经济学] F091.3