战国楚简所见军舞材料覆覈  

Re-examine the Military Dance Materials in the Bamboo Slips of Chu State during the Warring States Period

作　　者：王晨 WANG Chen(Center for Research and Protection of Unearthed Documents,School of Humanities,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院出土文献研究与保护中心,北京100084

出　　处：《北京舞蹈学院学报》2024年第2期22-28,共7页Journal of Beijing Dance Academy

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“《太玄》文献整理与研究”(项目编号22CZW015)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：上海博物馆藏战国楚简第四册《相邦之道》“四肢之艺”并非军舞之姿,而是农业之技艺的代指,学者据此视为军舞材料的立论并不可信。清华大学藏战国楚简第十一册《五纪》“散军之仪”是“散军舞”名义来源的依据,得到了《礼记·乐记》的印证。但从历史背景、文献来源与思想意涵以及材料断限与文本层次三个层面考察《五纪》与《乐记》,后者面目清晰而前者较为复杂,应是熟悉兵学、礼学背景的好古之徒融合既往制度加工整理的拟古之作,故以《五纪》“散军舞”为据推论相关问题时应更为审慎。采取从严的标准来分析《五纪》,其所载“散军舞”包含在一个复杂的军舞体系中,应将其划分为祭祀、军舞、散军乐舞三个部分。从军舞的发展历程与形式上看,《乐记》与《五纪》“散军舞”属于军事乐舞仪典化进程中两种不同发展模式的产物。战国楚简中包含珍贵的军舞资料,但由于可资对读的传世文献阙如与竹简本身保存不佳,这些材料所能提供的信息实属有限,又往往因与其他材料混而为一而导致材料断限不明确,文本层次不清晰,甚至掺杂着某些似是而非的材料,故而先秦时段军舞研究工作需在认真辨析材料的前提下展开。The“art of limbs”in Shangbosi's The Way of Xiangbang is not military dance movements,but the representation of agricultural skills,and scholars'argument that it is used as the material of military dance is not credible.The“ritual of disbanding army”in Tsinghua 11th Wu Ji is the basis for the name source of the“dance of disbanding army”,which has been confirmed by the Book of Rites·Book of Music.However,by studying Wu Ji and the Book of Music from three aspects of historical background,document source,ideological meaning,as well as material limitations and text levels,the latter is clear,while the former is more complicated,which should be a work in the style of the ancients created by a writer familiar with military and ritual knowledge.Therefore,it should be cautious when inferring relevant issues based on the“dance of disbanding army”recorded in Wu Ji.By taking strict standards to analyze the Wu Ji,its“dance of disbanding army”is within a complex military dance system,and should be categorized into three parts:sacrifice,military dance,and music and dance of disbanding army.From the perspective of the development course and form of military dance,the“dance of disbanding army”in the Book of Music and Wu Ji belongs to the product of two different development modes in the process of military music and dance rituals.The bamboo slips of Chu State during the Warring States Period contain precious military dance materials.However,because of the absence of readable documents and the poor preservation of bamboo slips,the information on these materials is limited,and they are often mixed with other materials,and even some plausible materials,so it is difficult to delimit the time and level of their texts.Therefore,the study of military dance in the pre-Qin period should be carried out on the premise of a careful analysis of materials.

关 键 词：《相邦之道》 《五纪》 “四肢之艺” “散军之仪” “散军舞” 

分 类 号：J709[艺术—舞蹈]