采收期对烟富3号苹果果实品质的影响  

The effect of harvesting period on the fruit quality of 'Yanfu 3' apple

作　　者：杨喜盟 张彪 李嘉立 曹亚凤 YANG Ximeng;ZHANG Biao;LI Jiali;CAO Yafeng(Pingliang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Gansu 744000)

机构地区：[1]平凉市农业科学院,甘肃744000

出　　处：《中国果树》2024年第6期26-32,共7页China Fruits

基　　金：平凉市科技计划项目“中早熟苹果品种引进筛选与示范推广”(PL-STK-2022A-024)、“果园生草养地配套栽培模式研究”(PL-STK-2022A-074)。

摘　　要：以15年生烟富3号苹果为试材,研究了甘肃省陇东旱塬区6个采收期(2022年10月5日、10月11日、10月17日、10月23日、10月29日、11月5日)果实低温贮藏时品质生理变化规律及特性。结果表明:随着采收期的推迟,果形指数无显著变化,果实纵径、横径、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量及固酸比、糖酸比、糖心率均显著增加,硬度及可滴定酸含量、总酚含量显著降低,10月23日采收的果实单果重最大、着色最好、维生素C含量最高,可溶性固形物含量达15.13%。低温贮藏期间,不同采收期果实硬度及可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量均不断下降,可溶性固形物含量先升高后下降,总酚含量先下降后升高,果实呼吸强度、乙烯释放速率均在贮藏120 d时出现峰值;10月17日采收的果实硬度及可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量下降幅度较小,果面光洁度保持稳定,贮藏180 d后,果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、L^(*)值均最高,果实呼吸强度、乙烯释放速率峰值、失重率、腐烂率均最低。综合分析,10月23日可作为甘肃省陇东旱塬区烟富3号果实鲜食的最适宜采收期,10月17日可作为长期低温贮藏的最佳采收期。Using the 15 years old ‘Yanfu 3' apple as the experimental material,this study investigated the physiological changes and characteristics of fruit quality during low-temperature storage in six harvesting periods(October 5th,October 11th,October 17th,October 23rd,October 29th,and November 5th,2022) in the dry plateau area of Longdong,Gansu.The results showed that as the harvest period was delayed,the fruit shape index did not show significant changes.The vertical and horizontal diameters of the fruit,soluble solid content,soluble sugar content and solid acid ratio,sugar acid ratio,and sugar heart rate all significantly increased.The hardness,titratable acid content,and total phenolic content significantly decreased.The fruit harvested on October 23rd had the largest single fruit weight,the best coloring,and the highest vitamin C content,with a soluble solid content of 15.13%.During low-temperature storage,the hardness and titratable acid content,as well as vitamin C content of fruits at different harvest periods,continuously decrease.The soluble solid content first increases and then decreases,and the total phenolic content first decreases and then increases.The fruit respiration intensity and ethylene release rate both peak at 120 days of storage;the hardness,titratable acid content,and vitamin C content of the fruits harvested on October 17th showed a relatively small decrease,while the smoothness of the fruit surface remained stable.After 180days of storage,the hardness,soluble solid content,vitamin C content,and L^(*) value of the fruits were the highest,while the respiratory intensity,peak ethylene release rate,weight loss rate,and decay rate of the fruits were the lowest.Based on comprehensive analysis,October 23rd can be the most suitable harvest date for fresh consumption of‘Yanfu 3' fruit in the dry plateau area of Longdong,Gansu,and October 17th can be the best harvest date for long-term low-temperature storage.

关 键 词：陇东旱塬 烟富3号苹果 采收期 果实品质 贮藏性 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]