矮砧密植红富士苹果树体矿质营养动态及需求特征  

Dynamics and demand characteristics of mineral nutrition in'Red Fuji'apple trees planted with dwarf rootstock and densely planted

作　　者：王双 王琛 倪玉雪 李艳杰 杨睿晴 张丽娟[1] WANG Shuang;WANG Chen;NI Yuxue;LI Yanjie;YANG Ruiqing;ZHANG Lijuan(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Heibei Agricultural University,Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center,Baoding 071000;Soil and Fertilizer Station of Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Xindu District,Xingtai City;Beijing Green Nitrogen Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北省城市森林健康技术创新中心,保定071000 [2]邢台市信都区农业农村局土肥站 [3]北京绿氮生物科技有限公司

出　　处：《中国果树》2024年第7期47-57,共11页China Fruits

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划(19226810D);国家十三五重点研发计划(2016YFD0201125)。

摘　　要：2021年,在河北省保定市唐县丹凤山苹果种植基地,动态监测矮砧密植苹果不同器官各时期N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B元素的变化和累积规律,分析矮砧密植苹果营养元素需求特性。结果表明:整个生长季内,叶片中的氮、磷、钾呈不同程度的降低趋势,钙和镁含量增加,其中镁波动较大但整体呈增加趋势;铁、锰、铜、锌和硼在叶、枝、干和根中均在前期含量高,铁、铜和硼在后期低,锰和锌则是在中期含量低;果实中氮、磷、铁、锰、锌和硼均呈现前期高、后期低,铜和钙在中期含量较高,镁变化较平稳,钾则呈逐渐升高的趋势。单位产量常量元素N、P、K、Ca、Mg需求比例是1.00∶0.17∶1.88∶0.75∶0.25,微量元素Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B需求比例为1.00∶0.66∶0.44∶0.20∶0.46。生产1000 kg果实,盛果期矮砧密植富士苹果营养元素需求为氮1.32 kg、磷0.23 kg、钾2.48 kg、钙0.99 kg、镁0.33 kg、铁14.44 g、锰9.56 g、铜6.40 g、锌2.82 g、硼6.59 g。研究认为,苹果树生长前期对氮需求较高,磷、钾累积量逐渐上升,微量元素利用树体贮存的营养且消耗较少,中期对氮需求量相对减少而对磷、钾和微量元素的需求增强;基施应以氮肥为主,追施磷、钾肥,中后期补充钙、镁肥,适时适量补充微量元素。In 2021,at Danfengshan apple planting base in Tangxian County,Baoding City,Hebei Province,the changes and accumulation laws of N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn and B elements in different organs of dwarf rootstock apple were dynamically monitored,and the nutrient demand characteristics of dwarf rootstock apple were analyzed.The results showed that during the whole growing season,the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in leaves decreased in different degrees,while the contents of calcium and magnesium increased,among which magnesium fluctuated greatly but showed an overall increasing trend.The contents of iron,manganese,copper,zinc and boron in leaves,branches,stems and roots are all high in the early stage,while the contents of iron,copper and boron are low in the late stage,while the contents of manganese and zinc are low in the middle stage.The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,iron,manganese,zinc and boron in fruits are all high in the early stage and low in the late stage,while the contents of copper and calcium are high in the middle stage,and the changes of magnesium are stable,while potassium is gradually increasing.The demand ratio of major elements N,P,K,Ca and Mg per unit yield is 1.00∶0.17∶1.88∶0.75∶0.25,and the demand ratio of trace elements Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn and B is1.00∶0.66∶0.44∶0.20∶0.46.In order to produce 1,000 kg of fruit,the nutrient requirements of'Red Fuji'apple planted on short stock in full fruit stage are:nitrogen 1.32 kg,phosphorus 0.23 kg,potassium 2.48 kg,calcium 0.99kg,magnesium 0.33 kg,iron 14.44 g,manganese 9.56 g,copper 6.40 g,zinc 2.82 g and boron 6.59 g.The results showed that the demand for nitrogen is high in the early stage of apple tree growth,the accumulation of phosphorus and potassium is gradually increasing,and the trace elements use the nutrients stored in the tree and consume less,while the demand for nitrogen is relatively reduced in the middle stage,while the demand for phosphorus,potassium and trace elements is enhanced;the basic application should be based

关 键 词：苹果 红富士 矮砧密植 矿质营养 变化规律 需求 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]