复杂不规则采空区围岩冒落持续监测及周期性冒落特征分析  

Continuous Monitoring of Caving and Analysis of Periodicity Caving Characteristics for the Complex and Irregular Goaf Surrounding Rock

作　　者：刘银 张晶 周宗红[1] 韩岩松 任凤玉[3] LIU Yin;ZHANG Jing;ZHOU Zonghong;HAN Yansong;REN Fengyu(Faculty of Land Resources Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 654093,China;Heqing Beiya Mining Co.,Ltd.,Dali 671507,China;School of Resources and Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南昆明654093 [2]鹤庆北衙矿业有限公司,云南大理671507 [3]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,辽宁沈阳110819

出　　处：《金属矿山》2024年第7期1-8,共8页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(编号:51864023,52264019);云南省重大科技专项(编号:202202AG050014);云南省基础研究计划项目青年项目(编号:202401AU070175)。

摘　　要：复杂不规则采空区因其形成条件的特殊性和工程环境的复杂性,在形成初期常表现为剧烈且无规律的阵发性冒落,对采空区安全治理极为不利。以河北某铁矿因下部民采空区与生产区域采场相互贯穿形成的复杂不规则冒落空区为工程背景,结合三维激光扫描技术、现场调查结果和开拓、采准工程现状等,提出了联合监听冒落岩块撞击声响与监测拱脚变形的采空区冒落持续监测方法,得到拱脚变形破坏引起采空区批量冒落的周期性冒落特征。冒落岩块撞击声响监听结果显示,空区发生阵发性冒落的持续时间约5个月,经短暂稳定阶段后进入周期性冒落阶段。结合拱脚变形监测结果,可知该空区周期性冒落阶段周期为15~30 d,空区围岩批量冒落滞后拱脚变形破坏的时间为3~8 d,可见空区拱脚变形破坏可作为空区围岩进入批量冒落的前兆,提出监测2次空区边界扩展差hk来预测空区围岩批量冒落的发生时机。研究结果对于同类型空区冒落监测和安全治理具有一定的借鉴意义。The complex and irregular goafs often exhibit violent and irregular bursts of collapse in the early stages of formation due to the particularity of the formation conditions and the complexity of the engineering environment,which is extremely detrimental to the safety management of goafs.Taking the complex and irregular caving goaf formed by the intersection of the lower civil goaf and the production area of an iron mine in Hebei as the engineering background,combined with the 3D laser scanning technology,on-site investigation results,and the current situation of development and mining preparation engineering,a continuous caving monitoring method for goaf is proposed to jointly monitor the goaf rock caving crash sound and monitor the arch foot deformation.Then,the periodicity caving characteristics of the goaf mass caving caused by arch foot deformation and damage are obtained.The monitoring results of the goaf rock caving crash sounds show that the duration of paroxysmal caving in the caving goaf is about 5 months,and after a brief stable stage,it enters a periodicity caving stage.Combined with the monitoring results of arch foot deformation,the periodicity caving stage of the caving goaf takes about 15~30 days,and the time of goaf mass caving lag the arch foot failure of goaf is 3~8 days.It can be seen that the deformation and failure of the caving goaf arch foot can serve as a precursor for the caving goaf surrounding rock to enter the mass caving stage.Therefore,the parameter hk can be defined as the difference of two boundary expansion to predict the timing of the goaf mass caving.The study results can provide a certain reference significance for the caving monitoring and safety management of the same type of goaf.

关 键 词：采空区 冒落监测 冒落撞击声监听 拱脚变形监测 周期性冒落 

分 类 号：TD73[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全] TD853