微生物浸出及回收稀土研究进展  

Research Progress on Microorganisms Leaching and Recovery of Rare Earth

作　　者：张雪桢 涂志红 肖秋东 梁宇坚 谭晓梅 陈功宁 ZHANG Xuezhen;TU Zhihong;XIAO Qiudong;LIANG Yujian;TAN Xiaomei;CHEN Gongning(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541006,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area,Guilin 541006,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology,Guilin 541006,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院,广西桂林541006 [2]岩溶地区水污染控制与用水安全保障协同创新中心,广西桂林541006 [3]广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室,广西桂林541006

出　　处：《金属矿山》2024年第7期129-138,共10页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:42367030,41807367);广西科技计划项目(编号:GuiKE-AD19245065)。

摘　　要：稀土是不可或缺的战略资源,广泛应用于国防技术、航天工程等高科技领域。传统的稀土冶炼及回收工艺成本高且易产生环境污染。微生物技术具有绿色、经济等特点,在浸出及回收稀土方面具有较大的发展潜力。对利用微生物从独居石、氟碳铈矿、尾矿及电子废弃物等中浸出及回收稀土的相关研究进行了概述和总结。结果表明:微生物主要通过两种方式浸出稀土:一是代谢产生有机酸释放出H+酸解稀土矿物;二是有机酸提供的有机配体以及微生物产生的铁载体等与稀土络合,加速稀土溶出。此外,微生物细胞表面结构中及胞外聚合物中常含有羧酸基和磷酸基等基团,易吸附稀土离子,有利于从溶液中回收稀土。微生物产生有机酸的种类及浓度、铁载体、浸出体系pH、矿浆浓度、温度等可显著影响微生物浸出及回收稀土效率。Rare earth elements(REEs)as an indispensable strategic resource,widely used in high-tech fields such as defense technology and aerospace engineering.Traditional rare earth smelting and recovery processes are costly and prone to produce environmental pollution.Microbial technology has great potential in the leaching and recovery of REEs for its ecofriendliness and cost-effectiveness.The article summarizes and reviews the research on the utilization of microorganisms for the leaching and recover of REEs from monazite,bastnaesite,tailings and electronic waste.The results indicated that microorganisms mainly leached REEs by two ways:metabolism produces organic acids and then release H+to acidify rare earth minerals.The biosynthesis of organic ligands form complexes with REEs,which reduces the saturation degree of rare earth ions in solution and thus accelerates the leaching of REEs.In addition,microbial surface and extracellular polymeric substances often contain groups such as carboxylic acid groups and phosphate groups that easily adsorb REEs,facilitating the recovery of REEs.The type and concentration of organic acids,siderophores,pH of the leaching system,pulp concentration,temperature and so on can significantly affect the efficiency of microbial leaching and recovery of REEs.

关 键 词：稀土元素 生物浸出 生物吸附 稀土回收 

分 类 号：X75[环境科学与工程—环境工程]