基于数码电子雷管起爆特性的预裂爆破技术试验研究  

Experimental Study on Pre-splitting Blasting Technology Based on Initiation Characteristics of Digital Electronic Detonator

作　　者：李龙福[1,2,3] 汪禹 江东平[1,2,3] 仪海豹 詹思博[1,2,3] LI Longfu;WANG Yu;JIANG Dongping;YI Haibao;ZHAN Sibo(State Key Laboratory of Safety and Health for Metal Mines,Maanshan 243000,China;Huawei National Engineering Research Center of High Efficiency Cyclic Utilization for Metallic Mineral Resources Co.,Ltd.,Maanshan 243000,China;Maanshan Institue of Mining Research Blasting Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Maanshan 243000,China)

机构地区：[1]金属矿山安全与健康国家重点实验室,安徽马鞍山243000 [2]华唯金属矿产资源高效循环利用国家工程研究中心有限公司,安徽马鞍山243000 [3]马鞍山矿山研究院爆破工程有限责任公司,安徽马鞍山243000

出　　处：《金属矿山》2024年第7期152-158,共7页Metal Mine

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2017YFC0602902)。

摘　　要：进路式充填采矿方法通过将矿体划分成矿房和矿柱,采取两步骤回采方式,即一步骤先回采矿柱并充填,待充填体达到设计强度后再进行二步骤矿房回采,在此种开采方式下,若矿岩条件比较差且钻爆参数不合理,不仅会导致矿房回采后采场边帮轮廓成形效果差、超欠挖现象严重以及矿石损失率与贫化率较大,而且爆破振动有害效应比较大,充填体损伤垮塌严重,恶化了采场作业条件,严重制约了矿山机械化、规模化开采。为解决此类问题,以某地下矿山为例,利用高精度数码电子雷管的起爆特性,开展了一步骤回采下向孔预裂爆破技术研究与现场试验。结果表明:①采用数码电子雷管预控界面爆破试验方案后,采场边帮预控界面清晰可见,半壁孔痕率能达到60%以上,超欠挖量也可以控制在20 cm以内,为二步骤矿房回采创造了有利条件;②爆破振动峰值大幅降低,爆区附近的充填体得到有效保护,垮塌现象大幅减少;③避免了裸露的导爆索在爆炸过程中产生的噪声和冲击波对爆破作业人员产生危害,有效保护了爆破作业人员身心健康,工作环境得到明显改善;④民爆物品消耗量降低了0.46元/m^(3),有效降低了爆破成本,经济效益显著。上述研究成果可为类似矿山提供借鉴。The approach filling mining method divides the orebody into ore room and pillar,and adopts a two-step mining method,that is,one step first returns to the mining pillar and fills,and then the two-step room mining is carried out after the filling body reaches the design strength.Under this mining method,if the ore-rock conditions are relatively poor and the drilling and blasting parameters are unreasonable,it will not only lead to poor forming effect of the side wall contour of the stope after the mining of the ore room,serious over-excavation and under-excavation,large ore loss rate and dilution rate,but also large harmful effect of blasting vibration,serious damage and collapse of the filling body,which deteriorates the working conditions of the stope and seriously restricts the mechanization and large-scale mining of the mine.In order to solve such problems,this paper takes an underground mine as an example,and uses the detonation characteristics of high-precision digital electronic detonators to carry out one-step mining downward hole pre-splitting blasting technology research and field test work.The study results show that:①After adopting the digital electronic detonator pre-control interface blasting test scheme,the pre-control interface of the stope side is clearly visible,the half-wall hole mark rate can reach more than 60%,and the over-under-excavation amount can also be controlled within 20 cm,creating favorable conditions for the two-step room mining.②The peak value of blasting vibration is greatly reduced,the filling body near the blasting area is effectively protected,and the collapse phenomenon is greatly reduced.③The noise and shock wave generated by the exposed detonating cord in the explosion process are avoided,which is harmful to the blasting personnel.The physical and mental health of the blasting personnel is effectively protected,and the working environment is significantly improved.④The consumption of civil explosives is reduced by 0.46 yuan/m^(3),which effectively reduces the blastin

关 键 词：地下矿山 矿山爆破 数码电子雷管 预裂爆破 围岩控制 

分 类 号：TD853[矿业工程—金属矿开采]