产甲烷菌中汞甲基化研究进展与展望  

Research progress and prospect of mercury methylation in methanogens

作　　者：陶少洋 杨婧铱 高峻 董洪哲 刘丽红[2] 何滨[2,3] 毛宇翔 胡立刚[2,3,4] 江桂斌[2] TAO Shaoyang;YANG Jingyi;GAO Jun;DONG Hongzhe;LIU Lihong;HE Bin;MAO Yuxiang;HU Ligang;JIANG Guibin(Institute of Resources and Environment,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo,454003,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100085,China;School of Environment,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hangzhou,310024,China;Institute of Environment and Health,Jianghan University,Wuhan,430056,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学资源环境学院,焦作454003 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室,北京100085 [3]国科大杭州高等研究院环境学院,杭州310024 [4]江汉大学环境与健康研究院,武汉430056

出　　处：《环境化学》2024年第7期2153-2165,共13页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22076200,21777179,22276201,22193052)资助.

摘　　要：微生物作用是无机汞转化为甲基汞最主要的方式.其中,硫酸盐还原菌和铁还原菌被认为是主要的汞甲基化微生物,近年来的研究表明,产甲烷菌在汞甲基化过程中同样发挥重要作用.产甲烷菌参与沉积物、水体和土壤等多种环境中的汞甲基化过程,并在部分环境中主导甲基汞的生成;在实验室纯培养体系中,多个产甲烷菌能将10%以上的无机汞转化为甲基汞.产甲烷菌对于甲基汞的生成至关重要,然而目前缺乏对产甲烷菌汞甲基化作用的系统总结.本文分别从原位环境、纯培养和共培养的角度,详细阐述了产甲烷菌在汞甲基化中的作用.在此基础上,对产甲烷菌可能的汞甲基化途径进行探讨,提出汞甲基化过程与一碳代谢极大可能存在功能上的关联性,并展望了后续研究的方向和重点.Microbial transformation is the most important way to convert inorganic mercury to methylmercury.Among them,sulfate-reducing bacteria and iron-reducing bacteria are considered to be the primary mercury methylation microorganisms.In recent years,several studies have shown that methanogens also play an important role in mercury methylation.Methanogens are involved in the process of mercury methylation in a variety of environmental medias,including anaerobic sediments,freshwater,and soils,leading to the formation of methylmercury.In addition,more than 10%of inorganic mercury was converted to methylmercury by several methanogens in pure culture systems.Methanogens are crucial to the production of methylmercury.However,there is a lack of systematic summary of mercury methylation in methanogens.In this paper,the role of methanogens in mercury methylation was summarized from the perspectives of in situ environment,laboratory pure culture,and co-culture systems.Based on this summary,the possible mercury methylation pathways of methanogens and future research directions were proposed and discussed.It was suggested that the mercury methylation process may be functionally related to one-carbon metabolism.

关 键 词：产甲烷菌 甲基化 甲基汞 代谢途径 

分 类 号：X-1[环境科学与工程] O6[理学—化学]