鱼富脂胃肠道中微塑料检测  

Detection of microplastics in gastrointestinal tract of lipid-rich fish

作　　者：赵国强 邓舒美 朱翔 赵利 江勇 ZHAO Guoqiang;DENG Shumei;ZHU Xiang;ZHAO Li;JIANG Yong(School of Life Science,Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University,Nanchang,330013,China;Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Hydrology and Ecology Monitoring and Research,Nanchang,330002,China;Xinjiang Raohe Hydrological and Water Resources Monitoring Center,Jingdezhen,333000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西科技师范大学生命科学学院,南昌330013 [2]江西省鄱阳湖水文生态监测研究重点实验室,南昌330002 [3]信江饶河水文水资源监测中心,景德镇333000

出　　处：《环境化学》2024年第7期2181-2193,共13页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：江西省水利厅一般科技项目(202123YBKT34);江西省水产品加工及安全控制工程研究中心开放课题(202201);江西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(赣农厅办字〔2022〕7号)资助.

摘　　要：为建立富含脂质的生物样本中微塑料的检测方法,以鱼胃肠道为研究对象,选取不同粒径(10-100μm、100-500μm、500-1000μm和1-5 mm)、不同密度(ρ<1.15 g·cm^(-3)、ρ>1.3 g·cm^(-3))的6种微塑料为验证对象,对传统KOH消解法中回收率低、皂化反应干扰、计数不准确等问题进行优化.结果表明,分液漏斗双密度浮选法能有效减少微塑料损失和降低泥沙等干扰,回收率达91%-100%;100℃热水和乙醇联用对皂化反应产生的肥皂的去除效率达98%±1.08%,生物样品的消解效率达99%±0.56%;尼罗红(Nile Red,NR)染色后,不同类型微塑料在不同滤光片下能观察到明显的荧光;除部分聚酰胺(PA)微塑料部分颜色变黄,该方法对PA、聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)的红外光谱和羰基指数(carbonyl index,CI)无明显影响;实际样本应用表明,该方法对不同河段、不同种类的野生鱼类样本的消解率达97%-100%,对微塑料的检出率(84.70%)显著高于传统的体视显微镜镜检法(54.64%).In order to establish the detection method of microplastics in lipid-rich biological samples,taking the gastrointestinal tract of fish as the research object,6 types of microplastics with different particle sizes(10—100μm,100—500μm,500—1000μm and 1—5 mm)and different density(ρ<1.15 g·cm^(-3),ρ>1.3 g·cm^(-3))were selected as the verification object,and the problems of low recovery,saponification reaction interference and inaccurate counting in the traditional KOH digestion method were optimized.The results showed that the separation funnel double-density flotation method can effectively reduce the loss of microplastics and the interference of sediment,and the recovery rate was 91%—100%.The removal efficiency of soap induced by saponification reaction occurred by the combination of 100℃hot water and ethanol was 98%±1.08%,and the digestion efficiency of biological samples was 99%±0.56%.We find different types of microplastic stained with Nile Red present distinguishable fluorescence under different light filters.Except that some polyamide(PA)microplastics turn yellow,this method has no obvious effect on the infrared spectrum and carbonyl index of PA,polyethylene(PE),polypropylene(PP),polystyrene(PS),polyethylene terephthalate(PET)and polyvinyl chloride(PVC).The actual sample application showed that the digestion rate of this method for different reaches and different kinds of wild fish samples was 97%—100%,and the detection rate of microplastics(84.70%)was significantly higher than that of traditional stereomicroscope(54.64%).

关 键 词：微塑料 脂质 密度浮选 皂化反应 尼罗红 

分 类 号：X-1[环境科学与工程] O6[理学—化学]