不同干细胞来源外泌体及其携非编码RNA诊疗骨性关节炎  

Diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis with exosomes derived from different stem cells and carrying non-coding RNA

作　　者：王喆 齐岩松 徐永胜 Wang Zhe;Qi Yansong;Xu Yongsheng(Orthopedic Center(Sports Medicine Center)of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People’s Hospital,Hohhot 010017,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区人民医院骨科中心(运动医学中心),内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市010017

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2025年第19期4122-4131,共10页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(82172444),项目负责人:徐永胜。

摘　　要：背景:外泌体可在骨性关节炎患者滑液和血浆中检测出来,其水平随着骨性关节炎的进展而不断变化,并且可以对骨性关节炎的局部炎症、软骨钙化和关节退化起缓解作用。目的:旨在全面了解不同干细胞来源外泌体在骨性关节炎诊疗中的作用和机制,并提出了外泌体治疗骨性关节炎的前景和挑战。方法:检索PubMed及中国知网数据库,英文检索词为“exosomes,osteoarthritis,mesenchymal stem cells,stem cells”,中文检索词为“外泌体,骨性关节炎,间充质干细胞,干细胞”,对2003年10月至2023年10月发表的文献进行检索,最终纳入99篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:外泌体的出现给骨性关节炎的诊断和治疗带来了希望。外泌体内含RNA、蛋白质及脂类的差异能够作为骨性关节炎的生物标志物用于诊断。同时,来自不同干细胞的外泌体均能够有效保护软骨细胞、缓解炎症、维持软骨基质代谢以及调节血管生成和软骨下骨重塑,表现出治疗骨性关节炎的优秀潜力。工程化外泌体则突破传统局限,通过调节特定非编码RNA表达增强治疗特异性与效率,为骨性关节炎的治疗提供新策略。BACKGROUND:Exosomes can be detected in synovial fluid and plasma at levels that vary with the progression of osteoarthritis in patients with osteoarthritis,and may play a relieving role in the local inflammation of osteoarthritis,cartilage calcification,and osteoarthritic joint degradation.OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively understand the function and mechanism of exosomes from different stem cells in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis,and to present the prospects and challenges of exosome therapy for osteoarthritis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The appearance of exosomes brings hope to the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis.The differences of RNA,protein,and lipid content in exosomes can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of osteoarthritis.At the same time,exosomes from various stem cells can effectively protect chondrocytes,relieve inflammation,maintain cartilage matrix metabolism,and regulate angiogenesis and subchondral bone remodeling,showing excellent potential in the treatment of osteoarthritis.The engineered exosomes break through the traditional limitations and enhance the specificity and efficiency of treatment by modulating the expression of specific non-coding RNA,providing a new strategy for the treatment of osteoarthritis.

关 键 词：外泌体 骨性关节炎 间充质干细胞 干细胞 软骨修复 软骨再生 软骨细胞 RNA 工程化外泌体 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R318[医药卫生—临床医学] R684.3