小浪底水库减淤调度模式探讨  

Discussion on the Operational Mode of Sedimentation Reduction of Xiaolangdi Reservoir

作　　者：王婷[1,2] 赵东晓 马怀宝 贾梦豪[1,2] 董华 王远见 WANG Ting;ZHAO Dongxiao;MA Huaibao;JIA Menghao;DONG Hua;WANG Yuanjian(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,YRCC,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Key Laboratory of Lower Yellow River Channel and Estuary Regulation,MWR,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Yellow River Water Resources and Hydropower Development Group Co.,Ltd.,Jiyuan 459017,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [2]水利部黄河下游河道与河口治理重点实验室,河南郑州450003 [3]黄河水利水电开发集团有限公司,河南济源459017

出　　处：《人民黄河》2024年第8期26-30,共5页Yellow River

基　　金：水利部重大科技项目(SKS-2022088);黄河水科学研究联合基金资助项目(U2243241);黄河水利科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(HKY-JBYW-2022-06,HKY-JBYW-2019-13)。

摘　　要：小浪底水库在黄河中下游防洪格局中发挥着重要作用,长期保持库区较大库容、延长拦沙运用期,对黄河防洪保安具有重大意义。基于小浪底水库运用以来入库水沙条件变化以及调度实践分析,提出了近期小浪底水库减淤调度模式:前汛期洪水期考虑下游河道淤积和主槽过流能力,尽量利用大流量过程开展降低水位排沙运用,冲刷库区河槽新增淤积物,以恢复河槽过流能力,保持库区高效输沙通道;水库排沙运用过后,运用水位宜不高于库区较大滩地滩面,利用河槽输沙调沙能够有效减缓滩面淤积;后汛期在保证防洪安全的前提下,根据上游来沙情况择机开展水库回蓄,尽早将库水位蓄至HH37断面附近滩面以上,利用HH37断面以上库段临时调沙,减缓滩面淤积。Xiaolangdi Reservoir plays a crucial role within the flood control system of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.It is of great significance for the flood control security of the Yellow River to maintain a large reservoir capacity for a long time and extend the op-eration period of sediment containment.Based on the change of water and sediment condition and the analysis of operation practice of Xia-olangdi Reservoir,this paper put forward the operation mode of reducing sediment of Xiaolangdi Reservoir.In the pre-flood season,consider-ing the sedimentation of the downstream channel and the flow capacity of the main channel,the use of large flow process to reduce the water level and discharge sediment is carried out as far as possible,and the newly added sediment in the reservoir channel is washed out to restore the flow capacity of the channel and maintain the efficient sand transport channel in the reservoir area.After the operation of the reservoir,the water level should not be higher than the larger beach surface of the reservoir,and the use of channel transport and regulation can effectively reduce the sedimentation of the beach surface.In the post-flood season,on the premise of ensuring the safety of flood control,according to the situation of sediment coming from the upstream,the reservoir water level is stored above the beach near the HH37 section as soon as pos-sible,and the sediment is temporarily transferred above the HH37 section to slow down the sedimentation of the beach surface.

关 键 词：减淤 河槽 调沙作用 调度模式 小浪底水库 

分 类 号：TV14[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] TV882.1