黄河流域农业用水效率时空特征分析  

Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Agricultural Water Use Efficiency in the Yellow River Basin

作　　者：穆金婷 赵亚莉[1] MU Jinting;ZHAO Yai(School of Public Administration,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学公共管理学院,江苏南京211100

出　　处：《人民黄河》2024年第8期76-81,共6页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(72004053)。

摘　　要：为揭示黄河流域农业用水效率的时空变化特征并为农业水资源高效管理提供依据,采用随机前沿生产函数,测算2000—2021年黄河流域79个地级市的农业用水效率,并借助Stata 15.0和ArcGIS 10.7软件,深入剖析农业用水效率时空演变特征以及区域分异状况。结果表明:研究期内黄河流域农业用水效率整体水平较低,但呈稳步提升趋势,各地级市之间的差异基本维持在一个相对稳定的状态;农业用水效率空间分异特征显著,中低效率地级市主要位于黄河上中游地区,高效率地级市基本集中在山东、河南两省,高效率核密度分布区与国家粮食主产区分布基本吻合,其中河套灌区、豫西及关中地区部分地级市研究期内农业用水效率得到显著提升;黄河流域上中下游之间、省(区)之间农业用水效率差异明显,农业用水效率下游>中游>上游、山东>河南>陕西>内蒙古>山西>甘肃>青海>宁夏,但效率提升幅度大小排序相反。In order to reveal the spatial and temporal characteristics of agricultural water use efficiency in the Yellow River Basin and to pro-vide a theoretical basis for the efficient management of agricultural water resources,this study employed the stochastic frontier production function to measure the agricultural water use efficiency of 79 prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2021.Combined with Stata 15.0 and ArcGIS 10.7 software,deeply analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution of agricultural water use efficiency,and its re-gional differentiation status.The results show that during the study period,the overall level of agricultural water use efficiency in the Yellow River Basin is low,but it shows a steady growth trend,and the difference value between prefecture-level cities is basically maintained in a relatively stable state.The spatial differentiation characteristics of agricultural water use efficiency are significant.Medium and low efficiency prefecture-level cities are mainly located in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River,while high efficiency cities are primarily con-centrated in Shandong and Henan provinces.The distribution of efficiency kernel density is generally consistent with the distribution of major grain-producing areas in China.Notably,the agricultural water use efficiency of some prefecture-level cities in the Hetao irrigation area,western Henan,and the Guanzhong area has significantly improved during the study period.There are significant differences in agricultural water use efficiency between the upper,middle,and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin and among provinces(regions).The order of agricultural water use efficiency between basins is downstream>midstream>upstream,and among provinces,it is Shandong>Henan>Shaanxi>Inner Mongolia>Shanxi>Gansu>Qinghai>Ningxia.However,the order of efficiency improvement is the opposite.

关 键 词：农业用水效率 随机前沿生产函数 时空特征 黄河流域 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源] TV882.1