小农户衔接现代农业的历史底色及县域路径  

The Historical Context and County-Level Strategies for Small-Scale Farmers to Integrate into Modern Agriculture

作　　者：王敬尧 郑鹏 Wang Jingyao;Zheng Peng(Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学,成都610065

出　　处：《国家现代化建设研究》2024年第4期89-104,共16页Journal of Modernization Studies

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究课题重大攻关项目“县域城乡融合发展与乡村振兴研究”(项目编号:22JZD009)。

摘　　要：推动小农户与现代农业充分有效衔接,既是加快建设农业强国、推进农业农村现代化需要破解的难题,也是推进中国式现代化的内在要求。从小农经营的历史发展来看,从传统社会时期以家户为基本单位到集体公社时期以生产队为基本单位,再到统分经营时期融入社会分工体系,小农先后经历了个体化小农、组织化小农和社会化小农的不同样态,深刻体现出中国农业发展的小农底色。从小农经营的现实状况来看,有专业型小农、兼业型小农、自给型小农和退出型小农四种类型,他们分别具有基于利润扩大、收入拓展、家庭消费和利益分配的差异性经营目标。在小农户衔接现代农业过程中,存在衔接机制不畅、制度保障不足等问题。这些问题的应对之策在于,推进农村集体产权制度改革与农民市民化改革,实现“人、地、财”的有序流动;完善产业链延伸发展体系、组织化利益联结体系、政策性风险保障体系和新质生产力应用体系。Facilitating the integration of small-scale farmers with modern agriculture is not only a challenge that needs to be addressed to accelerate the building of a strong agricultural nation and to promote the modernization of agriculture and rural areas but also an intrinsic requirement for advancing Chinese modernization.From the historical perspective of small-scale farming,there has been a progression from the traditional societal period with the household as the basic unit,to the collective commune period with the production team as the basic unit,and then to the unified and decentralized management period where small-scale farmers were integrated into the social division of labor system.Small-scale farmers have experienced various forms,including individual,organized,and socialized small-scale farming,which profoundly reflects the underlying characteristics of China’s agricultural development.In terms of a realistic portrait of smallholder farming,there are four types of smallholder farmers:professional,part-time,subsistence and withdrawal,with different business objectives of profit expansion,revenue development,household consumption and benefit distribution,respectively.In the face of small-scale farmers’difficulties in connecting with modern agriculture due to poor coordination mechanisms and insufficient institutional guarantees,the key is to advance the reform of the rural collective property rights system and the transformation of farmers into citizens to achieve an orderly flow of“workforce,land,property”,through improving the systems for extending the industrial chain,organizing interest-linking structures,establishing policy-based risk protection systems,and applying new productive forces.

关 键 词：小农经营 农业现代化 农户分化 县域路径 

分 类 号：F320.1[经济管理—产业经济]