华南地区茄科作物青枯病发生与病原菌分布特性分析  

Analysis of the Occurrence of Bacterial Wilt and Pathogen Distribution Characteristics for the Solanacae Crops in Southern China

作　　者：郑雪芳[1] 林莹 朱育菁[3] 刘欣[1] 车建美[1] 陈梅春[1] 刘波[1] ZHENG Xue-fang;LIN Ying;ZHU Yu-jing;LIU Xin;CHE Jian-mei;CHEN Mei-chun;LIU Bo(Institute of Resources,Environment and Soil Fertilizer,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013,China;Fujian Planting Technology Promotion Central Station,Fuzhou,Fujian 350003,China;Institute of Crops,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院资源环境与土壤肥料研究所,福建福州350013 [2]福建省种植业技术推广总站,福建福州350003 [3]福建省农业科学院作物研究所,福建福州350013

出　　处：《福建农业科技》2024年第5期1-9,共9页Fujian Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：福建省科技计划省属公益类项目(2021R1034003);福建省人民政府、中国农业科学院“5511”协同创新工程(XTCXGC2021019)。

摘　　要：调查我国华南地区番茄、茄子和辣椒等茄科作物青枯病害发病情况,采集健康植株和青枯病发病株及其根际土壤样本,进行病原菌的分离鉴定、致病力测定和分布特性分析。结果表明:番茄、茄子和辣椒发病率最高的地区分别是海南陵水、福建晋安和福建邵武,其生育期内平均发病率分别达20.01%、5.24%和23.33%。从不同地理来源的茄科作物中,共分离鉴定出86株青枯菌。进一步利用弱化指数(Attenuation index,AI)对分离的青枯菌进行致病力划分,其中7株为无致病力菌株(AI>0.75),13株为过渡型菌株(0.65≤AI≤0.75),66株为强致病力菌株(AI<0.65)。研究青枯菌的分布特性发现,对于不同寄主,青枯菌分布特性均是病株及其根际土壤分布数量显著多于健康植株及其根际土壤,且分布数量均是土>根>茎,此外,调查的茄科作物中,青枯病发病株土壤青枯菌分布数量均大于106 cfu·g^(-1),青枯病发病株根和茎青枯菌分布数量均大于105 cfu·g^(-1)。In order to investigate the incidence of bacterial wilt in the solanaceae crops such as tomato,eggplant and pepper in South China,the samples were collected from the healthy plants,the plants infected bacterial wilt and their rhizosphere soil.Then,the isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria,pathogenicity determination and distribution characteristics analysis were carried out.The results showed that:the areas with the highest incidence of bacterial wilt in tomato,eggplant and pepper were Lingshui in Hainan,Jin’an in Fujian and Shaowu in Fujian,respectively.The average incidence rates during their growth period were 20.01%,5.24%and 23.33%,respectively.A total of 86 strains of Ralstonia solanacearum were isolated and identified from the solanaceae crops with different geographical origins.The pathogenicity of the isolated Ralstonia solanacearum was further divided by using the Attenuation index(AI).Among them,7 strains were non-pathogenic strains(AI larger than 0.75),13 strains were transitional-type strains(0.65≤AI≤0.75),and 66 strains were high virulent strains(AI smaller than 0.65).The distribution characteristics of Ralstonia solanacearum were studied.It was found that for different hosts,the distribution characteristics of Ralstonia solanacearum were that the distribution number of Ralstonia solanacearum in the diseased plants and their rhizosphere soil was significantly higher than that in the healthy plants and their rhizosphere soil.Moreover,the distribution number in the tissue and soils ranged in the descending order of soil>root>stem.In addition,among the solanaceae crops investigated,the distribution number of Ralstonia solanacearum in the soil where the plants infected bacterial wilt was greater than 106 cfu·g^(-1),and the distribution number of Ralstonia solanacearum in the roots and stems of the plants infected bacterial wilt was greater than 105 cfu·g^(-1).

关 键 词：茄科作物 青枯病 青枯雷尔氏菌 致病力鉴定 华南地区 

分 类 号：S332.2[农业科学—作物遗传育种]