不同处理对油菜秸秆营养品质及其牛瘤胃降解特性的影响  

Effects of different treatments on nutritional quality of rape straw and rumen degradation characteristics in cattle

作　　者：赵娜[1] 郭万正[1] 樊启文 黄静 杜恩存 陈芳[1] 徐志宇 魏金涛[1] ZHAO Na;GUO Wanzheng;FAN Qiwen;HUANG Jing;DU Encun;CHEN Fang;XU Zhiyu;WEI Jintao(Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding,Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan,Hubei Province 430064,China;Rural Energy and Environment Agency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;Key Laboratory of Technology and Model for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,动物胚胎工程及分子育种湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430064 [2]农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站,北京100125 [3]农业农村部资源循环利用技术与模式重点实验室,北京100125

出　　处：《中国饲料》2024年第15期181-187,共7页China Feed

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-12);湖北省农业科技创新中心项目(2021-620-000-001-021);中央引导地方项目(XZ202301YD0013C)。

摘　　要：为研究不同处理对油菜秸秆营养价值及瘤胃降解动力学参数的影响,将油菜秸秆经高压、酶菌协同发酵、高压和酶菌协同发酵复合法处理,并测定其营养成分,并选用3头健康装有永久瘤胃瘘管的黑安格斯阉牛,采用尼龙袋法测定油菜秸秆(RS)、高压油菜秸秆(HPRS)、酶菌协同发酵高压油菜秸秆(SFHPRS)的主要营养成分在瘤胃中的降解率和动态降解模型参数。试验结果表明:SFHPRS的总能、粗蛋白质含量都显著高于RS和HPRS(P<0.05);酶菌协同发酵处理可以显著降低油菜籽秸秆中中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量,提高相对饲用价值(RFV)、相对饲草品质(RFQ)及饲草分级指数(GI)(P<0.05)。RS、HPRS、SFHPRS的干物质、有机物、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的72 h瘤胃降解率呈现出一致的规律,即SFHPRS>HPRS>RS,瘤胃消化0~72 h内SFHPRS的粗蛋白质瘤胃降解率显著高于RS、HPRS(P<0.05)。SFHPRS的干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维的快速降解部分、有效降解率均显著高于RS、HPRS(P<0.05)。综上可知,本试验条件下,油菜秸秆进行酶菌协同发酵后,总能、粗蛋白质含量均有所提高,中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量均显著下降。采用高压和酶菌协同发酵的复合法,能够更有效提高油菜秸秆饲料主要营养成分在瘤胃中的降解率,提升其营养价值。This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different treatments on nutritional value and rumen degradation kinetic parameters of rape straw.Rape straw was treated by high pressure,enzyme-bacteria synergistic fermentation,high pressure and enzyme-bacteria synergistic fermentation,and its nutritional components were determined.Three healthy black Angus steers(about 600 kg body weight)with permanent rumen fistula were used to determine the degradation rate and dynamic degradation model parameters of main nutrients of rape straw(RS),high-pressure rape straw(HPRS)and synergistic fermentation of high-pressure rape straw by enzyme bacteria(SFHPRS)in rumen by nylon bag method.The results showed as follows:The total energy and crude protein contents of SFHPRS were significantly higher than those of RS and HPRS(P<0.05);Enzyme-bacteria synergistic fermentation treatment could significantly reduce the content of neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)in rapeseed straw,and improve RFV,RFQ and GI(P<0.05).The rumen degradation rates of dry matter,organic matter,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of RS,HPRS and SFHPRS showed the same rule,that was,SFHPRS>HPRS>RS.The rumen degradation rate of crude protein in SFHPRS was significantly higher than that in RS and HPRS within 0~72 h(P<0.05).The rapid degradation fraction and effective degradation rate of dry matter,organic matter,crude protein,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of SFHPRS were significantly higher than those of RS and HPRS(P<0.05).It was concluded that,under the conditions of this experiment,the total energy and crude protein contents of rape straw were increased,while the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber decreased significantly after enzyme-bacteria synergistic fermentation.The compound method of high pressure and enzyme-bacteria synergistic fermentation could effectively improve the degradation rate of the main nutrients of rape straw feed in rumen and enhance its nutritional value.

关 键 词：油菜秸秆 高压 酶菌协同发酵 尼龙袋法 瘤胃降解特性 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]