夹芯镀锌钢板复合墙板对木结构建筑外部火灾蔓延的延缓与阻断作用研究  

Study on Barrier Effect of Sandwich Galvanized Steel Composite Wallboard on Outdoor Fire Spread of Timber Buildings

作　　者：谷凡[1] 郭荞声 白月 张景川 应傲 GU Fan;GUO Qiaosheng;BAI Yue;ZHANG Jingchuan;YING Ao(School of Civil Engineering,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang,China,110168)

机构地区：[1]沈阳建筑大学土木工程学院,辽宁沈阳110168

出　　处：《沈阳建筑大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期723-730,共8页Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University：Natural Science

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1100403);辽宁省科技厅科技计划项目(2019-ZD-0299);辽宁省教育厅科学研究项目(Lnjc201906)。

摘　　要：目的提出一种新型夹芯镀锌钢板复合墙板,以延缓与阻断村镇木结构建筑的外部火灾蔓延。方法采用火灾环境模拟软件PyroSim建立西南地区穿斗式木结构建筑数值模型,从发生火灾后的室外温度和外部火灾蔓延时间的角度,对比分析复合墙板对外部火灾蔓延的延缓与阻断效果及其合理布设方式。结果综合考虑地形、地势以及大气环境等不确定因素的影响,建议西南地区穿斗式木结构建筑防火间距取值为6.0 m以上。对于封堵山墙通风洞口的木结构建筑而言,当前后立面方向的建筑间距为3.0 m时,复合墙板的布设能够将火灾蔓延至相邻建筑物的时间延长约60 s;当前后立面方向的建筑间距为4.0 m时,复合墙板的布设将有效阻断外部火灾蔓延。结论对于未封堵山墙通风洞口的木结构建筑物而言,应以合理设置防火间距作为控制外部火灾蔓延的手段。对于封堵山墙通风洞口的木结构建筑物而言,在前后立面外墙布设复合墙板,既能延缓外部火灾蔓延,又能有效降低成本。A new type of sandwich galvanized steel composite wallboard is proposed to delay and prevent the outdoor fire spread of timber buildings.The numerical model of the perforated timber buildings in southwest China was established by PyroSim,and the reasonable arrangement methods of composite wallboard were compared analyzed from the point of view of outdoor temperature and outdoor fire spread time during the occurrence of fires.Simulation results show that considering the influence of uncertain factors such as terrain and atmospheric environment,it is recommended that the fire separation distance of rural timber buildings in southwest China should be greater than 6.0 m.For the timber buildings with blocked gable ventilation,when the building interval in the front and rear direction is 3.0 m,the layout of composite wallboard can prolong the time of the fire spreading to the adjacent building by about 60 s.When the building interval in the front and rear direction is 4.0 m,the layout of composite wallboard will effectively prevent the outdoor fire spread.In addition,for the timber buildings with unblocked gable ventilation,reasonable fire separation distance should be set as a means to control the outdoor fire spread.For the timber buildings with blocked gable ventilation,composite wallboard laying on the front and rear facades can prevent outdoor fire spread besides its high cost performance.

关 键 词：木结构建筑 外部火灾蔓延 复合墙板 防火间距 

分 类 号：TU366.2[建筑科学—结构工程]