大型围栏适养海水鱼类肠道组织学比较  

Comparison of fish intestinal histology in offshore aquaculture net pen

作　　者：张家荣 高云涛 高云红 李明月 秦宏宇 谢婷 关长涛[1,3] 贾玉东 ZHANG Jiarong;GAO Yuntao;GAO Yunhong;LI Mingyue;QIN Hongyu;XIE Ting;GUAN Changtao;JIA Yudong(Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center,Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [3]青岛海洋科技中心海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《水产学报》2024年第8期100-111,共12页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(2023TD81);中央引导地方科技发展基金项目(YDZX2022120)。

摘　　要：精准化投喂是保障大型围栏养殖鱼类高效摄食的关键,而肠道是鱼类营养物质消化吸收的主要场所,探明其组织形态结构可为精准化投喂提供理论基础。本研究通过组织切片和光学显微镜观察,比较了5种围栏适养鱼类(圆斑星鲽、牙鲆、斑石鲷、绿鳍马面鲀、梭鱼)肠道组织形态结构,统计了比肠长,肠道褶皱高度、宽度、数量,环肌、纵肌厚度和杯状细胞数量并进行相关性分析。结果显示,比肠长数值大小为梭鱼>绿鳍马面鲀>斑石鲷>圆斑星鲽和牙鲆;前肠褶皱发达程度为梭鱼>圆斑星鲽>斑石鲷>牙鲆>绿鳍马面鲀;肠道肌层厚度为斑石鲷>圆斑星鲽>梭鱼>牙鲆和绿鳍马面鲀;肠道杯状细胞数量为梭鱼>斑石鲷>牙鲆>圆斑星鲽>绿鳍马面鲀。相关性分析发现,圆斑星鲽、牙鲆、斑石鲷、绿鳍马面鲀肠道肌层与褶皱呈显著负相关,与杯状细胞数量呈显著正相关;梭鱼肠道肌层与褶皱呈显著正相关。综上,5种鱼类比肠长,肠道褶皱数量、高度、宽度,环肌和纵肌厚度以及杯状细胞数量和各参数间相关性存在显著种属间差异,这表明5种围栏适养鱼类对摄食营养物质的消化吸收进程不同,采取了不同策略保障正常营养状态,维持正常生长发育。本研究为大型围栏适养鱼类制定精准化摄食投喂策略,提供了基础性数据支撑和重要参考。Large offshore net pen aquaculture is one of the most important modes for the development of deep-sea aquaculture.Precise feeding is the key to ensureing efficient farming,nutrient digestion and absorption for farming fish.Intestine is the main area for digesting and absorbing nutrients.Thus,investigating its structure will provide a theoretical basis for accurate feeding in captivity.The intestinal tissue of five marine fishes(Verasper variegatus,Paralichthys olivaceus,Oplegnathus punctatus,Thamnaconus modestus,Mugil soiuy)reared in offshore aquaculture net pen were detected via tissue sectioning,hematoxylin-eosin(H.E)staining and optical microscope observing in this study.Meanwhile,the relative intestinal length,the height,width,the number of intestinal folds,the thickness of the circular muscle,the longitudinal muscle,the number of goblet cells,the morphological differences of different intestinal segments and correlations were evaluated.The results showed that M.soiuy had the most significant relative with intestinal length,followed by T.modestus and O.punctatus,and Verasper and P.olivaceus were the least significant relationship.The intestinal fold number,height and width of five fishes decreased from anterior intestine to posterior intestine,and the degree of intestinal fold developed M.soiuy>Verasper>O.punctatus>P.solivaceus>T.modestus.At the same time,the muscle thickness of O.punctatus intestinal tract was the largest,significantly higher than that of the other four fishes(P<0.05).While P.olivaceus and O.punctatus had the smallest,significantly lower than that of the other three fishes(P<0.05),M.soiuy and T.modestus had no significant difference(P>0.05).There were substantial differences in the number and distribution of intestinal goblet cells in the five fishes.The number of intestinal goblet cells in the five fishes was showed as sphyraenus>O.punctatus>P.olivaceus>Verasper>T.modestus.M.soiuy goblet cells were mainly distributed in the foregut and middle intestine,Verasper,P.solivaceus and O.punctatus

关 键 词：鱼类 比肠长 道褶皱 肠道肌层 杯状细胞 围栏养殖 

分 类 号：Q174[生物学—水生生物学] S967.9[生物学—普通生物学]