基于棉花耐盐碱筛选的变量灌溉施肥系统设计与试验  

Design and experiment of variable irrigation fertilization system based on screning for salinity tolerance in cotton

作　　者：杨会民[1,2] 陈毅飞 罗文杰 齐亚聪[1] Yang Huimin;Chen Yifei;Luo Wenjie;Qi Yacong(Agricultural Mechanization Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science,Urumqi 830091,Xinjiang,China;Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Forest Fruit,Cotton and Facility,Agriculture Equipment,Ministry of Agriculture,Urumqi 830091,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院农业机械化研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [2]农业农村部林果棉装备科学观测实验站,新疆乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农机化》2024年第4期46-50,共5页Xinjiang Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：四川省区域创新合作项目(2022YFQ0051)。

摘　　要：棉花是新疆重要的经济作物,种植面积和产量连续多年居全国之首,土壤盐碱化抑制棉种萌发严重影响出苗率。为了提高棉花耐盐碱试验的精准性,设计了基于棉花耐盐碱筛选试验的变量灌溉施肥系统并进行了样机试验。该系统主要由可编程逻辑控制器(Programmable Logic Controller,PLC)、触摸屏(Touch Panel Monitor)、电磁阀、施肥泵、流量计、小型网式过滤器、文丘里吸肥器、压力表以及电控部分等组成。触摸屏通过RS232通讯、流量计通过RS485通讯给PLC发送信号。通过调节电磁阀的脉宽调制(Pulse Width Modulation,PWM)调节水肥比例,实现变量-定量灌溉施肥功能。试验表明在确定水肥混合器入口压力和给定水肥混合比例的试验条件下,该系统具有良好的水肥混合效果,精准灌溉施肥性能稳定,能够达到预期的设计目标,符合棉花耐盐碱筛选试验的要求,具有较好的推广价值。As an important economic crop in Xinjiang,cotton has ranked first in terms of planting area and yield in the country for many consecutive years.Soil salinization and alkalization have seriously affected the germination rate of cotton seeds.In order to improve the precision and efficiency of cotton salt alkali tolerance tests,a variable irrigation and fertilization system based on the screening test of cotton salinity tolerance was designed,and a prototype test was carried out.The system is mainly composed of Programmable Logic Controller(PLC),Touch Panel Monitor,solenoid valve,fertilizer pump,flow meter,small mesh filter,venturi fertilizer suction,pressure gauge and electronic control part.The touch screen communicates with PLC through RS232,and the flow meter communicates through RS485 to send signals to the PLC.The ratio of water and fertilizer is adjusted by adjusting the pulse width modulation(PWM)of the solenoid valve,and the function of variable-quantitative irrigation and fertilization is realized.The test results show that under the test conditions of determining the inlet pressure of the water and fertilizer mixer and the given water and fertilizer mixing ratio,the system has a good water and fertilizer mixing effect,stable precision fertilization performance,can achieve the expected design goals,meets the requirements of cotton salinity tolerance screening test,and has good promotion value.

关 键 词：耐盐碱筛选 灌溉施肥 PLC控制 流量监测 变量 

分 类 号：S277.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]