西双版纳野象谷亚洲象个体识别及种群数量特征  

Individual Identification and Population Quantitative Characteristics of Asian Elephant in the Wild Elephant Valley,Xishuangbanna

作　　者：保明伟 韩泳 熊朝永 陈继铭 王斌 李富明 周方易 BAO Mingwei;HAN Yong;XIONG Chaoyong;CHEN Jiming;WANG Bin;LI Fuming;ZHOU Fangyi(Xishuangbanna Wild Elephant Valley Co.,Ltd.,Jinghong,666100,China;Xishuangbanna Asian Elephant Rescuing and Breeding Center,Jinghong,666100,China;Yunnan Golden Peacock Tour Group Co.,Ltd.,Jinghong,666100,China;Xishuangbanna Asian Elephant Conservation Management Center,Jinghong,666100,China)

机构地区：[1]西双版纳野象谷景区有限公司,景洪666100 [2]西双版纳亚洲象救护与繁育中心,景洪666100 [3]云南金孔雀旅游集团有限公司,景洪666100 [4]西双版纳傣族自治州亚洲象保护管理中心,景洪666100

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2024年第3期472-479,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

摘　　要：以西双版纳勐养地区野象谷出现的野生亚洲象(Elephas maximus)为研究对象,利用2002—2023年拍摄积累的影像资料,对亚洲象开展基于形态特征的个体识别,共识别出个体152头,并分析了种群的数量特征。研究发现:该地活动的亚洲象种群数量由2002年的36头增长到2023年的112头,且主要增长来源于出生而非迁入,平均年出生率为8.29%,平均种群年增长率为5.78%。该种群大部分个体为未成年,为增长型种群。2023年的种群,在低龄阶段雄性比例略高于雌性,但随着年龄增加,雄性比例降低,最终成年雌性多于成年雄性,同时还对野生雌性亚洲象的部分繁殖参数进行了分析,结果显示该野生种群繁殖状况较好。研究表明,在全球亚洲象种群呈下降趋势的大背景下,中国云南西双版纳勐养地区的亚洲象得到了有效保护。This study focuses on the wild Asian elephant(Elephas maximus)that appeared in the Wild Elephant Valley,Mengyang,Xishuangbanna.The imaging data collected from 2002 to 2023 were used to carry out individual identification of Asian elephants based on morphological features,and a total of 152 individuals were identified.The quantitative character⁃istics of the population were also analyzed.The number of Asian elephant population in this area increased from 36 in 2002 to 112 in 2023,and the main increase was from birth rather than migration,with an average annual birth rate of 8.29%and an average annual population growth rate of 5.78%.The majority of individuals in this population are minors,making it a growing population.For the population in 2023,the proportion of males was slightly higher than females at the young age,but as the age increased,the male ratio decreased and eventually adult females outnumbered adult males.Analysis of some reproductive parameters for wild female Asian elephants revealed that this wild population was in good reproductive condition.The results of this study show that Asian elephants in Mengyang area of Xishuangbanna,Yunnan,China have been effectively protected against global Asian elephant population decline.

关 键 词：亚洲象 个体识别 种群数量 种群结构 中国云南 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]