贺兰山岩羊活动节律与家域特征  

The Activity Rhythm and Home Range Characteristics of Blue Sheep in Helan Mountain Area

作　　者：崔爽 胡天华 余梦琦 梁咏亮 李岳诚 郭松涛[4] 刘振生[1,5] CUI Shuang;HU Tianhua;YU Mengqi;LIANG Yongliang;LI Yuecheng;GUO Songtao;LIU Zhensheng(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China;Ningxia Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve Administration,Yinchuan,750021,China;Forest Pest Control and Quarantine Station of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Yinchuan,750021,China;College of Life Sciences,Northwest University,Xi’an,710069,China;Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Harbin,150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区管理局,银川750021 [3]宁夏回族自治区森林病虫防治检疫总站,银川750021 [4]西北大学生命科学学院,西安710069 [5]国家林业和草原局野生动物保护学重点开放实验室,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2024年第3期480-489,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：2022年中央财政林业改革发展资金项目(D6400000141009053_2);2022年林业新技术引进及推广项目(〔2022〕NX04)。

摘　　要：野生动物的活动节律和家域特征是其为适应内外环境变化而形成的生存模式,研究活动节律和家域特征有助于深入了解野生动物生态适应性,维护生态平衡,并有助于制定科学保护策略。因此,基于北斗卫星追踪项圈监测技术,深入研究了贺兰山岩羊(Pseudois nayaur)全年的活动节律和家域特征,以及不同季节、性别的个体差异。研究表明:(1)岩羊属于晨昏性动物(06:00—10:00、16:00—20:00),4个季节均表现为双峰模式的日活动节律;(2)岩羊全年的活动速率为(0.17±0.51)km/h,且不同季节的活动速率存在显著差异(χ^(2)=133.48,df=3,p<0.05),冬季活动速率最高,为0.23 km/h;雌雄个体间活动速率存在边缘显著差异(Z=-1.913,p=0.056),雄性个体的活动速率高于雌性个体;(3)岩羊的家域和核域范围无明显季节性差异(家域,χ^(2)=1.623,df=3,p=0.654;核域,χ^(2)=0.727,df=3,p=0.867),性别间无显著差异。建议保护团队在晨昏高峰期加强监测,避免人为干扰;在冬季采取补饲等保护措施确保食物充足;并在制定管理计划时充分考虑家域特征。The activity rhythm and home range characteristics of wild animals are their survival patterns formed to adapt to changes in the internal and external environment.Studying the activity rhythm and home range characteristics can help to deeply understand the ecological adaptability of wild animals,maintain ecological balance,and formulate scientific conser⁃vation strategies.Using Beidou Satellite tracking collar monitoring technology,we studied the activity rhythm and home range characteristics of blue sheep(Pseudois nayaur)throughout the year in Helan Mountain area,as well as individual dif⁃ferences in different seasons and genders.The result showed that:(1)P.nayaur were crepuscular animal(06:00—10:00,16:00—20:00),and show a bimodal daily activity rhythm in the four seasons;(2)The annual activity rate of P.nayaur was(0.17±0.51)km/h,and there were significant differences in activity rates among different seasons(χ^(2)=133.48,df=3,p<0.05),with a highest activity rate(0.23 km/h)in winter.There were significant marginal differences in ac⁃tivity rate between male and female individuals(Z=-1.913,p=0.056),and activity rate of male individuals was higher than that of female individuals;(3)There was no significant seasonal difference between the home range and core range of the sheep(home range,χ^(2)=1.623,df=3,p=0.654;core range,χ^(2)=0.727,df=3,p=0.867),there was no significant differ⁃ence between the sexes.It is recommended that the conservation team should strengthen monitoring of P.nayaur during the peak periods of morning and evening to avoid human interference.In wnter,protective measures such as supplemen⁃tary feeding should be taken to ensure adequate food,and the characteristics of the home domain should be fully consid⁃ered for development of management plan.

关 键 词：岩羊 卫星项圈 活动节律 家域 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]