基于洞穴铸模对中华穿山甲洞穴结构特征的研究  

Study on Burrow Structure Characteristics of Chinese Pangolin Based on Burrow Casting

作　　者：张圣 孙松 杨锦圳 王镜欣 郭瑞萍 张奕航 吴文斌 吴庆明[1] 华彦 ZHANG Sheng;SUN Song;YANG Jinzhen;WANG Jingxin;GUO Ruiping;ZHANG Yihang;WU Wenbin;WU Qingming;HUA Yan(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China;Guangdong Academy of Forestry,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture,Protection and Utilization,Guangzhou,510520,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]广东省林业科学研究院,广东省森林培育与保护利用重点实验室,广州510520

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2024年第3期490-497,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2022A1515010626);广东省科技计划项目(广东省中华穿山甲野外种群资源科学考察)。

摘　　要：中华穿山甲(Manis pentadactyla)夜行穴居,野外观测率极低,其洞穴是生态学研究的重要介质。然而,中华穿山甲洞穴结构特征量化研究极少,洞穴分类标准(居住洞、觅食洞)的验证未见报道。为探究中华穿山甲居住洞、觅食洞的形态结构差异,选取中华穿山甲遗弃的居住洞(4个)和觅食洞(3个)进行模型铸造,通过3D扫描技术构建三维数字模型。结果表明:7个洞穴洞口朝向皆为西,洞道直径普遍大于洞口直径,洞道首段长、洞穴全长、洞道角度(洞口向内第1个拐角)和洞穴体积均值分别为147.5 cm、322.7 cm、130.0°和0.0732 m^(3)。两种类型洞穴存在结构差异,居住洞的洞口朝向更偏北,其洞口、洞道直径、洞穴首段长、洞穴全长和洞穴体积均大于觅食洞;觅食洞的洞道拐角角度、白蚁巢穴数量大于居住洞。研究结果精准量化了中华穿山甲洞穴结构特征,验证了洞穴分类标准的准确性,为深入开展中华穿山甲洞穴生态学研究提供了参考。The Chinese pangolin(Manis pentadactyla)is a typical nocturnal burrowing mammal,with a very low direct ob⁃servation rate in the field,and its burrow is important material for ecological research.However,there are few quantitative studies on the burrow structure characteristics of Chinese pangolin,and the verification of burrow classification criteria(rest⁃ing burrows,foraging burrows)has not been reported.In order to explore the morphological structure differences between the resting burrows and the foraging burrows of Chinese pangolin,four foraging burrows and three resting burrows aban⁃doned by Chinese pangolins were selected for model casting,and 3D digital models were constructed by 3D scanning tech⁃nology.The results show that the burrow entrance all face west and the tunnel diameters are generally larger than burrow entrance diameters.The average length of the first section of the burrow tunnel,total length of the burrow,bending angle of the burrow tunnel(the first bending from burrow entrance),and the volume of the burrow were 147.5 cm,322.7 cm,130.0°,and 0.0732 m^(3),respectively.There were structural differences between the resting burrows and foraging burrows.The entrance to the resting burrow faces further north,its tunnel and entrance diameters,first section length,total length,and the volume of the resting burrows were larger than that of the foraging burrows.The tunnel bending angle and the num⁃ber of termite nests of the foraging burrows were larger than that of the resting burrows.The study results accurately quanti⁃fied the burrow structure of the Chinese pangolin,verified the accuracy of the burrow category classification criteria,and provided a theoretical basis for further research on the ecology of the Chinese pangolin burrows.

关 键 词：中华穿山甲 穴居动物 洞穴结构 洞穴铸模 3D扫描 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]