不同育苗方式对辣椒幼苗生长发育的影响  

Effects of Different Seedling Methods on the Growth and Development of Pepper Seedlings

作　　者：范高领 胡明文[1] 詹永发[1] FAN Gaoling;HU Mingwen;ZHAN Yongfa(Institute of Pepper Research,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院辣椒研究所,贵阳550006

出　　处：《辣椒杂志》2024年第2期33-37,共5页Journal of China Capsicum

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目黔科合成果[2024]一般081,加工型辣椒新品种“卓椒圆珠”的应用与示范。

摘　　要：为探讨培育辣椒壮苗的方法,分别采用漂浮育苗、浅水育苗、漂湿育苗、穴盘育苗等4种育苗方式开展辣椒育苗试验,对4种育苗方式的种子发芽势、发芽率、幼苗农艺性状、根冠比、壮苗指数等进行分析,结果表明,不同育苗方式对辣椒幼苗生长发育影响比较明显。漂浮育苗,肥水用量相对较多,幼苗易徒长,后期需人工炼苗;浅水育苗,无需炼苗,易培育壮苗,节省肥水,省时省工,但高温期需要遮阳降温;漂湿育苗,节省肥水,无需炼苗,易培育壮苗,但辣椒苗整齐度差,且需要及时补充营养液;穴盘育苗,幼苗生长较慢,不易徒长,但管理比较费工。综合分析,浅水育苗效果较好,其发芽势为77.92%,发芽率为88.75%,植株干、鲜质量分别为0.1943g和2.1780g,辣椒幼苗根冠比为0.2113,壮苗指数0.0256,可作为辣椒集约化育苗方式培育壮苗。To explore the efficient methods for cultivating strong pepper seedlings,four methods were compared,which included the methods of floating seedling,shallow water seedling,wet floating seedling,and plug seedling.The indicators of germination potential,germination rate,agronomic traits of seedlings,root-shoot ratio,and strong seedling index were measured for the four methods.The results showed that different seedling cultivation methods had significant impacts on the growth of seedlings.Floating seedling required the relatively large amount of fertilizer and water and made the seedlings easy to grow.As a result,artificial seedling acclimatization was needed in the later stage.Shallow water seedling,which did not need artificial seedling acclimatization,was easy to cultivate strong seedlings and save labor,fertilizer,as well as water.However,shading and cooling were needed at the high temperature stage.Wet floating seedling,saving fertilizer and water,did not need artificial seedling acclimatization,and was easy to cultivate strong seedlings.However,the uniformity of pepper seedlings was poor and supplement nutrient solution was needed in time.As for the plug seedling,seedling growth was slower with less spindling seedlings.However,more labors were needed in the management.Among them,the shallow water seedling cultivation method had better performance,with a germination potential of 77.92%,germination rate of 88.75%.The dry and fresh weight of the plants were 0.1943 g and 2.1780 g,with a root-shoot ratio of 0.2113 and strong seedling index of 0.0256.In short,the performance of shallow water seedling was better,and it can be used as a way of intensive cultivation of strong seedlings.

关 键 词：辣椒 育苗方式 集约化育苗 壮苗 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]