华北平原秸秆覆盖下农田水热通量动态变化及其对气象因子的响应  

Dynamic Changes of Farmland Water and Heat Flux under Straw Mulching and Its Response to Meteorological Factors in North China Plain

作　　者：耿洁 王传娟 张彦群[3] 秦姗姗 王建东 GENG Jie;WANG Chuan-juan;ZHANG Yan-qun;QIN Shan-shan;WANG Jian-dong(College of Recources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Dryland Water-saving Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081;Institute of Water Conservancy,China Academy of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,晋中030801 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业农村部旱作节水农业重点实验室,北京100081 [3]中国水利水电科学研究院水利研究所,北京100048

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2024年第8期822-834,共13页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52379055,51979288);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(2021−2025)。

摘　　要：揭示秸秆覆盖下农田生态系统水热通量的动态变化,可为农艺覆盖下作物高效用水的定量调控提供理论依据。试验设置秸秆覆盖(S)和不覆盖(N)两种处理,利用波文比能量平衡法和实测数据,对华北平原秸秆覆盖下农田能量通量要素净辐射通量(R_(n))、潜热通量(λET)、显热通量(H)和土壤热通量(G)的动态变化规律及其对气象因子的响应进行研究。结果表明:各生育期R_(n)、λET和H日内变化均呈现明显单峰型规律,无论小麦生长季还是玉米生长季,与N处理相比,秸秆覆盖(S)主要降低了各生育期R_(n)、λET和H的日峰值,但从日均值来看,S处理提高了小麦生长季λET占R_(n)的比例,其总生育期λET占R_(n)的比例(68.8%)比N处理(68.4%)略高;秸秆覆盖(S)降低了玉米生长季λET占R_(n)的比例,其总生育期λET占R_(n)的比例(65.0%)比N处理(65.9%)降低。小麦生长季和玉米生长季对瞬时λET影响最大的气象因子为R_(n),其余因子影响较小。各气象因子通过直接和间接作用共同对瞬时λET产生影响。R_(n)对瞬时λET的影响主要体现在直接作用上,其余因子均主要体现为间接影响。Revealing the dynamic changes of water and heat fluxes in straw-covered farmland ecosystems can provide a theoretical basis for the quantitative regulation of efficient water use by crops under agronomic mulching.Two treatments of straw mulching(S)and none mulching(N)were set up in the experiment.The dynamic changes of net radiation flux(R_(n)),latent heat flux(λET),sensible heat flux(H)and soil heat flux(G)of farmland energy flux elements under straw mulching in North China Plain and their responses to meteorological factors were studied by using Bowen ratio energy balance method and measured data.The results showed that the diurnal variation of R_(n),λET and H in each growth period showed an obvious single-peak pattern.Compared with N treatment,S treatment mainly reduced the daily peak of R_(n),λET and H in each growth period in both wheat and maize growing seasons.However,from the perspective of daily mean value,S treatment increased the proportion ofλET in R_(n) in wheat growing season,and the proportion ofλET in R_(n) in the total growth period of S treatment(68.8%)was slightly higher than that of N treatment(68.4%).The proportion ofλET to R_(n) in the total growth period of S treatment(65.0%)was lower than that of N treatment(65.9%).The meteorological factor that had the greatest influence on instantaneousλET in wheat growing season and maize growing season was R_(n),and the other factors had little influence.Each meteorological factor affects instantaneousλET through direct and indirect effects.The influence of R_(n) on instantaneousλET is mainly reflected in the direct effect,and the other factors are mainly reflected in the indirect effect.

关 键 词：秸秆覆盖 波文比 水热通量 气象因子 

分 类 号：S161[农业科学—农业气象学]