列宁对辩证唯物主义的历史性贡献——重读《唯物主义和经验批判主义》  

On Lenin’s Historical Contribution to Dialectical Materialism——Re-reading Materialism and Empirical Criticism

作　　者：靳欢欢 JIN Huanhuan(School of Marxism,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学马克思主义学院,天津300350

出　　处：《甘肃理论学刊》2024年第4期56-64,共9页Gansu Theory Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“当前主要社会思潮的最新发展动态及其批判研究”(16ZDA101)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《唯物主义和经验批判主义》是列宁批判马赫主义、反击修正主义,捍卫和发展辩证唯物主义的旷世之作。在该书中,他揭露了经验批判主义哲学认识论上不可知论和主观唯心主义特征,阐释了现代物理学危机的实质,谴责了资产阶级学者的折衷主义路线。基于此,列宁为捍卫与发展辩证唯物主义哲学作出了四点历史性贡献:第一,阐释了“客观实在”和“物质第一”的辩证唯物主义物质观;第二,提出了“认识论”和“本体论”相统一的哲学基本问题;第三,构建了以“科学实践观”和“能动反映论”为核心的辩证唯物主义认识论;第四,提出“理论批判”与“政治斗争”相结合的哲学的党性原则。Materialism and Empirical Criticism is an unprecedented work of Lenin criticizing Machism,countering revisionism,defending and developing dialectical materialism.In this book,he exposed the epistemological agnosticism and subjective idealism of empiric critical philosophy,explained the essence of the crisis of modern physics,and denounced the eclectic line of bourgeois scholars.Based on this,Lenin made four historic contributions to the defense and development of dialectical materialist philosophy:Firstly,explained the“objective reality”and“matter first”dialectical materialist view of matter;Secondly,it puts forward the philosophical basic problem of the unity of“epistemology”and“ontology”;Thirdly,it constructs dialectical materialism epistemology based on“scientific practice view”and“active reflection theory”;Fourthly,it puts forward the principle of philosophical party spirit combining“theoretical criticism”and“political struggle”.

关 键 词：《唯物主义和经验批判主义》 哲学的基本问题 认识论 党性原则 

分 类 号：A82[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]