粮食安全视角下日本主粮保险的制度特征、运营方式及其对我国的启示  

The Characteristics,Operation Mode and Enlightenment of Japan's Staple Food Insurance System from the Perspective of Food Security

作　　者：曹斌[1] 董翀 冯兴元[1] 郭芸芸 CAO Bin;DONG Chong;FENG Xingyuan;GUO Yunyun(University of Chinese Academy of Social Science,Beijing 100102,China;Farmers Daily Research Center for Agriculture and Rural Development,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学,北京100102 [2]农民日报社“三农”发展研究中心,北京100029

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期16-28,共13页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University:Social Science Edition

摘　　要：农业保险是保障国家粮食安全的重要举措。分析日本主粮保险制度发展历程、制度特征和运营方式发现,其主要是依靠法律规范、政府引导、财政扶持及以互助保险为主体构建三级服务体系来分散大灾风险。在主粮保险运营方面,面对农民需求变化提供差异化的承保方式,丰富保险对象,通过精准厘定保费、公正查勘定损、加强宣传防范和确保保费保值增值,吸引农民参保以分散风险,降低受灾损失,减少农民财产损失,保障主粮有效自给,这对中国农业保险制度改革与发展具有一定借鉴意义。建议加快推动主粮保险供给侧改革和产品创新,建立健全广覆盖、多元化、多层次的粮食普惠保险服务体系。Agricultural insurance is an important measure to ensure national food security,by analyze the development process,system characteristics and operation mode of staple food insurance system in Japan,it is found that legal norms,government guidance,financial support and mutual insurance are the main bodies to relied on to build a three-level service system in spreading the risk of major disaster.In terms of the operating staple food insurance,it provides differentiated underwriting methods in the face of farmers'changing demand,enriches the insurance objects,strengthens publicity and prevention,and ensures the preservation and appreciation of premiums through accurated premium determination,faired survey of damage,attracts as many farmers as possible to participate in insurance policy in order to spread the insurance risk,minimise the probability of losses,reduces the losses of the agricultural property,which effectively guaranteed the absolute self-sufficiency of staple food.Japan's staple food insurance system has certain reference significance for the reform and development of China's agricultural insurance system.It is suggested to accelerate the supply-side reform and product innovation of staple food insurance,and establish and perfact a broad,diversified and multi-level service for inclusive insurance system.

关 键 词：日本 粮食安全 农业保险 主粮保险 农业互助保险 

分 类 号：F840[经济管理—保险]