生态环境保护中的尺度政治与正义实现:以A市绿中村改造为例  

Environmental Justice and the Politics of Scale under Ecological and Environmental Protection:A Case Study of a Village in the Ecological Protection Zone

作　　者：郭炎[1,2] 杜汝旭 黄经南 王博然[1] 周俊 Guo Yan;Du Ruxu;Huang Jing'nan;Wang Boran;Zhou Jun(School of Urban Design,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Hubei Provincial Research Center for Human Settlements Engineering and Digital Technology,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学城市设计学院,武汉430072 [2]湖北省人居环境工程技术研究中心,武汉430072

出　　处：《热带地理》2024年第8期1376-1386,共11页Tropical Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41971185、52378074);国家社科基金重大项目(23&ZD114)。

摘　　要：生态环境保护往往面临着保护责任和发展权益在整体社会与保护区局部群体间公平配置的难题。由于权益配置是不同层级政府与局部群体间博弈的结果,文章引入尺度政治与环境正义的理论框架,梳理用于解析生态环境保护中正义格局形成与演化的逻辑路径,并以中部某省会城市生态保护区内的村庄改造为例进行实证。研究发现:在未事先落实保护区居民发展权益的情况下,自上而下的刚性生态环境保护易造成不同尺度主体间的矛盾,表现为低尺度的居民发展权益受制于高尺度政府主体的保护要求;尺度重构成为前者寻求正义的一种非正规途径,表现为低尺度的居民寻求更高层级政府的介入,将其发展诉求的响应尺度上移,从而赋予发展与保护同等话语权,迎来环境正义实现的契机。诉诸非正规途径寻求正义本身也说明,中国城市生态环境保护中,缺乏保障低尺度群体合理权益的正规途径。文章结合理论与实证研究为此提供了解决思路。Ecological environmental protection is an important support for China to achieve ecological civilization,but it often encounters challenges in fairly distributing protection responsibilities and development rights between the wider society and local communities living in protected areas.Ecological protection planning is an instrument for reconstructing environmental protection responsibilities and development rights among different social groups:the communities within the protected areas bear the responsibility for ecological protection but may lose some development rights to some extent,whereas the communities outside the protected areas enjoy the benefits of environmental protection without having to fulfill related obligations.This asymmetry of rights and obligations triggers environmental injustice,and is a crucial factor in determining the effectiveness of policy implementation.The changing patterns of environmental(in)justice are shaped by negotiations between governments at different scales and local stakeholders,and involve complex political processes.Therefore,this study introduces a theoretical framework that integrates scale politics and environmental justice to explore the distinctive-scale political processes involved in achieving environmental justice in ecological protection areas under China's segmented and hierarchical political system.First,the pattern of environmental justice is shaped by the highest-scale actors among relevant stakeholders.Second,intermediate-scale actors tend to prioritize compliance with policy directives from higher scales and may use methods such as scale retention or devolution to limit the interest demands of lower scales.Finally,lower-scale actors may seek to enhance their political discourse power through scale escalation when faced with unjust situations created by a top-down decisionmaking system.Empirically,this research selected a village yet to be reconstructed in an ecological protection zone in the central provincial capital city of China as a case study and ana

关 键 词：环境正义 尺度重构 尺度政治 生态保护 村庄改造 

分 类 号：TU98[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]