明代诗学观的演进:“格调正变”说的形成及其超越  

The Evolution of Ming Dynasty Poetic Theory:The Formation and Transcendence of the"Original Change of Stylistic Mode"Theory

作　　者：张亚欣[1] 许建平[1] ZHANG Yaxin;XU Jianping

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学人文学院,上海200240

出　　处：《学术月刊》2024年第7期143-152,共10页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：正变观是古代诗史理论的一个重要范畴,中国诗学史上曾有“风雅正变”“文质代变”“诗体正变”诸说。出现于明清时期的“格调正变”说是对此前诸说的继承与深化,是正变论由以朝政为中心向以体格声调为中心的内转过程的集合性成果。它不同于此前正变说者有四:以格调为正,以文体为变;以格高为正,以格低为变;以体格声调为正,以兴象风神为变;正与变“阴阳剥复”。王世贞是格调正变观的发展者、完成者,他提出因革弊而正,以积弊而变,趋向质愈稳、文愈佳的演进观,并将“物极其则”引入其中,认为“物极其则,变亦可,不变亦可”,从而解构了正变观,走向了超越正变观的本质论。This paper,after reviewing the evolution of the theories"original change of classic poetry","literary change according to times",and"regular and varied form of poetry style",proposes the theory of"original change of stylistic mode",This theory represents the internal shift of"original change of stylistic mode"from focusing on political administration to emphasizing stylistic form and tonal quality.It is a significant theoretical category in the history of Ming and Qing Dynasty poetic criticism.The"original change of stylistic mode"differs from previous theories in four ways:it considers stylistic mode as original and literary form as change;it views higher stylistic quality as original and lower quality as change;it sees artistic form and tonal quality as original and romantic charm as change;and it interprets original and change as the interplay of Yin and Yang.Wang Shizhen was a developer and completer of the"original change of stylistic mode"theory.He proposed that correcting abuses leads to originality and that the accumulation of abuses leads to change,trending towards more stable quality and better literary value.He introduced the concept of"extreme adherence to rules,"suggesting that"things have their natural rules,and by following these rules,both originality and change are acceptable."This deconstructed the traditional view of"original change"and transcended it towardsan essentialistview.

关 键 词：明代诗学 格调正变说 诗学观演进 王世贞 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学]