华人社团参政实践与马来西亚民主转型探析  

Political Participation Practice of Chinese Community and Analysis of Democratic Transformation in Malaysia

作　　者：黄思婷 HUANG Siting(School of International Relations/Academy of Overseas Chinese Studies,Jinan University,Guangzhou,China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学国际关系学院/华侨华人研究院

出　　处：《东南亚研究》2024年第3期109-127,157,158,共21页Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“海外华人与人类命运共同体研究”(21&ZD022)。

摘　　要：作为公民社会组织的重要力量,华人社团是多元民主理论与实践的探索者和先行者,在推动马来西亚民主转型中发挥着关键作用。20世纪80年代,在马来西亚单一化族群政策的影响下,面对族群利益边缘化、华基政党代表功能的缺失、华教运动在“体制内”和“体制外”的斗争遭遇瓶颈的现实,华团内部的精英人士基于民权、多元、自由的民主观念建构了民族抗争框架,通过“三结合”、《华团宣言》、“两线制”等体制内的参政方式与国家力量抗衡。21世纪后,马来西亚政治生态的转变和民主改革运动释放出新的政治能量,为经历十年低潮与调整的华团探寻组织在国家转型中的角色定位与作用提供了契机。这一时期,华团主要采取社会运动、公民教育和监督政府等自下而上的制度外路径,推动国家实现民主转型。当前,马来西亚土著保守主义和宗教极端主义势力不断上升,以华团为代表的公民社会组织要推动国家巩固和发展更成熟、理性、负责任的民主内涵,必须要有独立自主的空间,在明确国家与社会之间界限的同时,扮演社会监督与制衡权力的角色。As a significant force within civil society organizations,the Chinese community has been at the forefront of theorizing and practicing pluralistic democracy,playing a pivotal role in driving Malaysia's democratic transformation.In the 1980s,amidst Malaysia's policy favoring unity among ethnic groups,the Chinese community faced marginalization of their interests.Political parties representing Chinese interests were ineffective,and the movement for Chinese education encountered obstacles both within and outside the political system.Drawing on democratic principles such as civil rights,pluralism,and freedom,leaders within the Chinese community established a framework for national resistance.They engaged with state forces through alliances with ruling and opposition parties as well as through civic participation mechanisms like issuing the Declaration of the Chinese Community.The political landscape in Malaysia underwent transformation in the 21st century,unleashing new political dynamics that presented opportunities for redefining roles and functions of Chinese community organizations within national transformation after a decade of stagnation and adjustment.During this period,they primarily utilized grassroots approaches such as social movements,civic education initiatives,and government oversight to drive democratic reform from outside traditional systems.Presently in Malaysia there is an upsurge in indigenous conservatism and religious extremism.To advance towards a more mature,rational,and responsible democratic ethos for the country,civil society organizations represented by the Chinese community must be afforded independent and autonomous space to fulfill their role in social oversight and power balance while clearly delineating boundaries between state and society.

关 键 词：华人社团 民主转型 政治参与 马来西亚 

分 类 号：D634.338[政治法律—政治学]