论美国托洛茨基主义的发展历程、基本特征及趋势  

On the Development,Basic Characteristics,and Trends of Trotskyism in the United States

作　　者：刘珊珊 黄其洪[2] Liu Shanshan;Huang Qihong

机构地区：[1]西南大学马克思主义学院,400715 [2]西南大学马克思主义理论研究中心暨西方马克思主义研究所,400715

出　　处：《世界社会科学》2024年第3期224-241,248,共19页SOCIAL SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL

摘　　要：美国托派是美国社会主义流派中的激进左派之一。美国托洛茨基主义思潮具有三大特征:理论上,过分拘泥于托洛茨基原有的理论窠臼,使产生于特定时期的托洛茨基理论成为脱离美国国情和形势变化的抽象教条;组织上,宗派主义分裂是托派组织演变的长期失调症和最明显特征,“内耗”了托派政党的组织力量;实践上,无法提供一套切实可行的在资本主义社会进行革命的方案,无法满足人民大众真实的政治需要,呈现出革命激进主义的乌托邦特征。这些固有缺陷是美国托派逐渐边缘化、走向衰落的根源所在。美国托派的衰落,一方面警示当代世界各国的社会主义流派应洞悉当代资本主义的新变化,结合时代新特征和国情创新发展社会主义理论,提高理论和实践的生命力和时代适应性;另一方面也提醒世界各国的左派一定要避免内部的分裂局面,创新内部制度,实现社会主义力量的团结。Trotskyism in the United States is one of the far-left politics in the socialist schools.This trend of thought exhibits three characteristics:theoretically,it rigidly adheres to Trotsky's original theoretical framework,viewing Trotsky's theory,which originated in a specific period,as an abstract dogma detached from the changing national conditions and situation of the United States,displaying extreme leftism and solidification;organizationally,the sectarian splits represent a long-term disorder and the most obvious feature of the Trotskyist organization,depleting the organizational strength of the Trotskyist party;practically,it fails to provide a set of feasible plans for revolution within capitalist society,unable to meet the real political needs of the people,and manifests utopian characteristics of revolutionary radicalism.These inherent flaws are the root cause of the gradual marginalization and decline of the American Trotskyism.On the one hand,the decline of the American Trotskyism serves as a warning to socialist schools worldwide to recognize the new changes in contemporary capitalism,and to innovate and develop socialist theories in line with the new characteristics of the times and national conditions,and improve theoretical vitality and contemporary relevance;on the other hand,it also reminds leftists in countries around the world of the need to avoid internal division,to innovate the internal system,achieve unity among socialist forces.

关 键 词：托洛茨基主义 宗派主义 革命激进主义 乌托邦 社会主义 

分 类 号：D097.12[政治法律—政治学]