清代蒙盐入晋与山西中北部盐业市场的变迁  

The Entry of Mongolian Salt into Shanxi and the Changes in the Salt Market of North-Central Shanxi Province during the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：郭宇[1] 张俊峰[1] Guo Yu;Zhang Junfeng

机构地区：[1]山西大学中国社会史研究中心,太原030006

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2024年第4期105-119,共15页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：山西大学学科交叉建设项目“华北乡村社会治理的历史经验及其当代价值”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：明末清初山西本地食盐供应的不稳定为蒙盐向山西的流动提供了重要契机。清初,山西中北部地区蒙、土分区销售的市场结构初步形成,并得到清廷的正式认可。随着河东盐产能危机的再次爆发以及蒙盐自身采销的改进,蒙盐中的吉兰泰盐凭借黄河水运的便利,不仅和山西中北部土盐竞争市场,甚至南下侵占河东盐市场。为此,乾嘉两朝清廷对蒙盐入晋政策进行频繁调整,政策的剧烈变动使得山西中北部盐业市场经历了蒙、土盐销区的此消彼长。清末,随着蒙盐主销区的部分市场空间被陕甘花马池盐所挤占,土盐主销区的东部诸县被芦盐所侵占,山西中北部盐业市场呈现出一种蒙、土、花、芦兼销的新型市场结构。在此变迁中,土盐凭借着地方社会的认可和自身的特点得以保存大部分市场空间并继续发展。对于山西“蒙盐”问题的考察,是深入认识清代直到民国山西中北部盐业市场以及土盐生存环境的一个重要窗口。The insufficient supply of local salt in Shanxi in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties provided an important opportunity for the flow of Mongolian salt to Shanxi.At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,the market structure for the sale of Mongolian-Soil in the north-central region of Shanxi was initially formed and formally recognised by the Qing court.With the reoccurrence of the Hedong Salt production capacity crisis and the improvement of Mongolian Salt's own procurement and marketing,Jilantai Salt,a branch of Mongolian Salt,with the convenience of the Yellow River water transportation,not only competed for the market with the Soil salt in north-central Shanxi,but even went south to encroach on the Hedong Salt market.For this reason,the Qianjia two dynasties,the Qing court made frequent adjustments to its policy of bringing Mongolian salt into Jin,the dramatic policy changes in the salt market in north-central Shanxi has experienced this and that of the Mongolian Salt and the Soil salt sales areas.At the end of the Qing Dynasty,with part of the market space of the main sales area of the Mongolian Salt is crowded by the Shaanxi and Gansu Huamachi Salt,the main sales area of the Soil Salt in the east of the counties were also encroached upon by the Lu Salt,the salt market in north-central Shanxi presents a kind of Mongolia,Soil,Hua,Lu distribution of the new market structure.During this market change,the Soil salt has been able to preserve most of the market space and continue to develop by virtue of local social acceptance and its own advantages.The examination of the issue of"Mongolian Salt"in Shanxi is an important window into the salt market in north-central Shanxi Province since the Qing Dynasty and the environment for the survival of Soil Salt.

关 键 词：清代 蒙盐 土盐 河东盐 山西中北部盐业市场 

分 类 号：K258[历史地理—历史学] F129[历史地理—中国史]