安全权的理论逻辑  

The Theoretical Logic of the Right to Security

作　　者：何志鹏[1,2] He Zhipeng

机构地区：[1]吉林大学人权研究院 [2]吉林大学法学院

出　　处：《人权》2024年第4期1-26,共26页Human Rights

基　　金：教育哲学社会科学重大专项项目“坚持统筹国内法治与涉外法治研究”(2022JZD2005)阶段成果。

摘　　要：安全议题重要性上升的趋势拓展了从人权角度认知和达致安全价值目标的必要和可能。结合社会文化与历史动态,人权可被理解为社会权威应当及可能应答的人需求,人权的发生机制则依赖于“人的内在需求与社会可供资源之间的契合”。安全作为人们内在需求中重要而显著的部分,社会资源应予以支持;而各层级的社会权威又都有必要、有可能为人的安全需求提供支持。由此,安全成为人权的分支具有社会文化基础。安全的人权归属确证以后,需要进一步考虑其在人权谱系中的地位。分析现有的人权集合,可以从主体尺度划分,也可以从对象尺度划分,还可以从目标尺度划分。安全权更适合以目标维度进入人权分类,从而与生存权、发展权相并列。将安全融入人权,可基于权利冲突、权利位阶、权利体系排序的理论框架来解决安全权与其他人权之间的关系,从而避免人权意识形态化遏制国家和个人安全需求的倾向。The escalating significance of security issues has expanded the necessity and possibility of recognizing and achieving the goal of security value from the perspective of human rights.Human rights can be construed as the needs of people to which social authorities should and can respond,and their mechanism depends on“the alignment between people's intrinsic needs and the social resources available.”Security as a significant part of people's intrinsic needs should be supported by social resources;social authorities at all levels have the duty and potential to support people's security needs.Thus,security has the socio-cultural basis to be considered as a branch of human rights.Once the human rights attribution of security has been established,further consideration is required for its place in the human rights spectrum.When analyzing the existing set of human rights,we can classify them based on the subject,the object,or the goal.The right to security is more appropriately classified within the dimension of goals,thereby being placed alongside the right to subsistence and the right to development.Integrating security into human rights can resolve the relationship between the right to security and other human rights using the theoretical framework of rights conflict,rights hierarchy,and rights system ranking,thereby avoiding the tendency to curb the security needs of countries and individuals by ideologizing human rights.

关 键 词：人权 安全 安全权 人权谱系 人权分类 目标性人权 

分 类 号：D815.7[政治法律—国际关系]