2004—2022年郑州市流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行病学特征  

Epidemiological characteristics of meningococcal meningitis in Zhengzhou,2004-2022

作　　者：程真真[1] 李锋[1] 王小丽 姚莹莹 王瑞 周鹏 李国伟[1] CHENG Zhenzhen;LI Feng;WANG Xiaoli;YAO Yingying;WANG Rui;ZHOU Peng;LI Guowei(Immunization Planning Institute,Zhengzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhengzhou,Henan 450007,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州市疾病预防控制中心免疫规划所,河南郑州450007

出　　处：《现代疾病预防控制》2024年第7期527-530,557,共5页MODERN DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

摘　　要：目的分析郑州市流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)流行特征,评价防控措施效果。方法通过国家传染病监测信息系统中的流脑监测信息系统收集2004—2022年郑州市流脑发病数据,采用描述性流行病学方法,计算发病率,分析流脑发病的人群、时间、地区分布和血清分型特征,并比较扩大免疫规划实施前后流脑发病率变化情况。结果2004—2022年郑州市共报告流脑病例85例,年均发病率为0.054/10万,发病人群以学生为主,占51.21%,发病较多的4月份占20.00%。扩大免疫规划实施后(2008—2022年)流脑发病率为0.023/10万,低于扩大免疫规划实施前(2004—2007年)的0.200/10万(χ^(2)=133.744,P<0.05)。扩大免疫规划实施后,0~<1岁、2~<3岁、7~<8岁年龄组流脑发病率分别为0.142/10万、0.060/10万、0.065/10万,低于扩大免疫规划实施前的1.874/10万、0.972/10万、1.398/10万(χ^(2)分别为16.849、10.695、15.524,P均<0.05)。27例确诊病例中以C群(29.63%)和B群流脑(29.63%)为主。结论目前郑州市流脑防控取得明显成效,流脑发病以散发为主,应加强对学生人群的综合监测,关注脑膜炎奈瑟菌菌群演变。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of meningococcal meningitis in Zhengzhou,and evaluate the effectiveness of control measures.Methods Incidence data for meningococcal meningitis in Zhengzhou during 2004-2022 were collected through the National Meningococcal Meningitis Monitoring Information System.Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted to calculate incidence rates and analyze the distribution of cases by person,time and place,as well as serotyping characteristics The incidence rates before and after the implementation of expanded immunization programs(EIP)were compared.Results A total of 85 cases were reported,with an average annual incidence of 0.054/10^(5).The majority of the cases occurred among students(51.21%),with a peak in April(20.00%).After EIP implementation(2008-2022),the incidence rate was 0.023/10^(5),significantly lower than that before EIP(2004-2007)at 0.200/10^(5)(χ^(2)=133.744,P<0.05).The incidences in the age groups of 0-<1 years,2-<3 years,and 7-<8 years post-EPI was 0.142/10^(5),0.060/10^(5),and 0.065/10^(5),respectively,all lower than those pre-EIP rates of 1.874/10~5,0.972/10^(5) and 1.398/10^(5)(χ^(2) were 16.849,10.695 and 15.524,respectively;all P<0.05).Among the 27 confirmed cases,Neisseria meningitidis group C(29.63%)and group B(29.63%)were the most prevalent.Conclusions The implementation of EIP has significantly reduced the incidence of meningococcal meningitis in Zhengzhou.Most cases are sporadic,and the composition of Nm flora is diverse.Enhanced monitoring in students and attention to the evolution of Nm are recommended.

关 键 词：流行性脑脊髓膜炎 脑膜炎奈瑟菌 发病率 扩大免疫规划 

分 类 号：R515.2[医药卫生—内科学]