宁玛派首部密续藏译时间考释  

On the first Tibetan translation of the Nyingma Tantras

作　　者：土登彭措 四郎降错 Tubten Phuntshok;Sonam Gyatso(South-west Minzu University,Chengdu,6100412;Department of Tibetan Study,Gantse United Front)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学 [2]Department of Tibetan Study,Gantse United Front

出　　处：《西藏大学学报（藏文版）》2024年第2期45-70,192,193,共28页Journal of Tibet university

摘　　要：佛教传入西藏后,为了扩大影响和巩固思想阵地,大量的佛经被译成藏文。这些翻译工作导致了佛经的广泛传播和抄写,为了避免重复和浪费,吐蕃历代赞普以组织编定目录来归类管理,进而形成了吐蕃三大目录,即《丹噶目录》《旁塘目录》和《青浦目录》。文章通过吐蕃三大目录与《毗卢遮那传记》等相关文献的比较研究,对藏传佛教旧密教法最早被翻译成藏文的具体时间和相关史实作了探讨。《丹噶目录》成书于公元788年,其中记载有显密佛经类名734则,但没有属于密宗无上瑜伽部的佛经类名。《旁塘目录》约成书于公元830年,其中记载有显密佛经类名943则,也没有属于密宗无上瑜伽部的佛经类名。《青浦目录》至今仍未能找到,但在《毗卢遮那传记》中提到的一-部目录中记载有属于密宗无上瑜伽部的佛经类名。传记中提到的目录是否《青浦目录》,还有待考证。据《毗卢遮那传记》记载,毗卢遮那从嘉绒回到拉萨的时间为公元806年前后,自公元806年至公元815年间,毗卢遮那和玉扎宁波等译师在桑耶寺译经院内翻译了属于密宗无上瑜伽部的经典。综上,文章认为密宗无上瑜伽部的经典于公元806年至公元815年间被首次翻译成了藏文,宁玛派的产生也与此相关。The Buddhist texts translated into Tibetan in 788 or Trisong Desten Time are compiled in Denkar Index to the Kanjur(dkar chag ldan dkar ma in Tibetan),which contents 734 volumes of sutras and tantras though there is no single text of Nyingma Tantra,as well the Phangthang Index to the Kanjur(dkar chag vphang thang ma in Tibetan)dated to around 830,contents 943 translated texts,has no record of Nyingma Tantras.It is recorded that the Biography of Vairocana bear a text of Nyingma Tantras translated into Tibetan,which is probably same as that of in Chimpu Index to Kanjur(dkar chag vchim phu ma in Tibetan).The arrival of Vairocana from Gyarong to Lhasa is dated around 806 in which Sena Lejin was on throne.Sena Lekjin passed away in 815.During this time Vairocana and Yudra Nyingpo translated Nyingma Tantras at the Dragyurling of Samye Monastery as recorded in the Biography of Vairocana.Therefore,your author believes that the first Tibetan translation of the Nyingma Tantras occurred sometime between 806 to 815,and the holders of Nyingmapa Schools also occurred during these time periods.

关 键 词：密宗无上瑜伽部 《丹噶目录》 《旁塘目录》 

分 类 号：H059[语言文字—语言学]