价值极化:当代欧美身份政治的外源性与内生性  

Value Polarization:Exogenous and Endogenous Aspects of Contemporary European and American Identity Politics

作　　者：庞金友[1] 孙玉寻 Pang Jinyou;Sun Yuxun

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学政治与公共管理学院,北京102249

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2024年第6期144-157,180,共15页Exploration and Free Views

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“当代西方国家政治极化的现状与趋势”(21&ZD159)。

摘　　要：价值极化是分析欧美民主与身份政治内在关联的重要视角,它既呈现了当代欧美身份政治的重要特质,也揭示了当代欧美民主价值的秩序裂变:身份政治破坏了自由统摄平等的价值序列,以族群身份捆缚政治自由,在阶层经济不平等和族裔文化不平等的反向逼迫中不加克制地扩展平等自由的权利边界,使平等自由沦落为实质平等和多元文化的话语装置。平等对自由由从属到僭越是身份政治价值极化的本质,政治自由的价值破限与社会平等的价值越界是欧美民主价值裂变的核心。就身份政治的价值极化而言,全球化引发的经济不平等与文化焦虑、后现代价值变迁与政治转型、国家极化与政治衰败等导致的社会撕裂是其外源机制;自由主义的权利悖论、浪漫主义的权利建构与激进主义的权利动员等对冲的民主政治则是其内生根源。身份政治的价值极化引发了一场深刻的自由民主危机:它以赋予人们更多话语权的形式展示了自由民主的“强盛”,实则构筑了一个深陷族群权利冲突却无力实现权力制约的“弱社会”。身份政治的价值极化对其他国家也具有警示意义,应对价值变革引发的秩序动荡,需要从社会建设和国家能力两个方面同时推进。Value polarization is an important perspective to analyze the internal relationship between democracy and identity politics in Europe and the United States.It not only presents the important characteristics of contemporary identity politics in Europe and the United States,but also reveals the order fission of contemporary democratic values in Europe and the United States.Equality's subordination to freedom is the essence of the polarization of the value of identity politics.The breaking of the limit of the value of political freedom and the crossing of the value of social equality is the core of the fission of democratic value in Europe and America.As far as the value polarization of identity politics is concerned,the social tearing caused by economic inequality and cultural anxiety caused by globalization,post-modern value change and political transformation,national polarization and political decline,etc.,is the external mechanism.The paradoxes of liberal rights,the construction of romantic rights and the mobilization of radical rights are the internal causes of democracy.The value polarization of identity politics has triggered a profound crisis of liberal democracy.The value polarization of identity politics is a warning to any country.To deal with the order turbulence caused by the value change,it is necessary to promote both social construction and national capacity.

关 键 词：价值极化 身份政治 政治自由 权利冲突 自由民主 

分 类 号：D082[政治法律—政治学] D03