西瓜坐果区域夜间增温对果实细胞发育及糖分积累的影响  

Effects of Nighttime Warming on Fruit Cell Development and Sugar Accumulation in Fruit Setting Area of Watermelon

作　　者：杨年福 吴绍军[1] 孟佳丽[1] 沈虹 余翔[1] YANG Nianfu;WU Shaojun;MENG Jiali;SHEN Hong;YU Xiang(Suqian Agricultural Research Institute,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Suqian,Jiangsu 223800)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所,江苏宿迁223800

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第14期27-33,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：2021年宿迁市科技计划资助项目(K202109);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金资助项目(CX(22)3164)。

摘　　要：以“迁丽4号”西瓜为试材,通过观察果实细胞发育、分析糖含量及蔗糖代谢相关酶的动态变化,以及调查成熟期产量和品质等指标,解析坐果区域夜间温度调控对西瓜果实细胞发育及糖分积累的影响,以期为设施西瓜的温度管理提供参考依据。结果表明:坐果区域夜间增温处理对果实细胞尺寸、糖分积累和品质形成具有显著影响。坐果前中期,夜间增温处理显著增加了果肉细胞尺寸,增幅为18%。在坐果前期,夜间增温显著提高了西瓜果实中葡萄糖含量,增幅为12%。在坐果中后期,夜间增温显著提高了果实中的果糖和蔗糖含量,增幅分别为4%和8%。该研究还发现夜间增温使中心果肉的蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)和蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性分别提高了24%和14%,使近皮果肉的酸性转化酶(AI)活性降低了8%。成熟期,夜间增温处理的纵径、横径、边糖含量、单瓜质量及667 m^(2)产量均大于未增温处理,但差异并不显著,增温处理显著增加了果实的中心糖含量。综合来看,西瓜坐果区域夜间增温可以有效缓解低温胁迫,对西瓜品质和产量的提升均有益处。Taking‘Qianli 4’watermelon as the test material,the effects of nighttime temperature regulation on cell development and sugar accumulation of watermelon fruit were analyzed by observing fruit cell development,analyzing the dynamic changes of sugar content and sucrose metabolism related enzymes,and investigating the yield and quality of mature period,in order to provide reference for temperature management of watermelon in greenhouse.The results showed that nighttime warming in the fruit setting area had a significant effect on fruit cell size,sugar accumulation and quality formation.In the early and middle stages of fruit setting,nighttime warming treatment significantly increased the size of pulp cells by 18%.In the early stage of fruit setting,nighttime warming significantly increased the content of glucose in watermelon fruit by 12%.In the middle and late stages of fruit setting,nighttime warming significantly increased the content of fructose and sucrose in the fruit,and the content of fructose and sucrose increased by 4%and 8%,respectively.This study also found that nighttime warming increased the SPS and SS activities of the central pulp by 24%and 14%,respectively,and decreased the AI activity of the near-peel pulp by 8%.At maturity stage,the longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,sugar content,single fruit weight and yield per 667 m^(2) of nighttime warming treatment were higher than those of non-warming treatment,but the difference was not significant.Warming treatment significantly increased the central sugar content of fruit.In summary,nighttime warming in watermelon fruit setting area could effectively alleviate low temperature stress,which was beneficial to the improvement of watermelon quality and yield.

关 键 词：西瓜 坐果期 夜间增温 细胞发育 糖分积累 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]