基于苹果木屑的配方栽培平菇的安全性、矿质营养和产量分析  

Analysis of Safety,Mineral Nutrition and Yield of Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivation Based on Apple Sawdust Fomulas

作　　者：王英磊[1] 于国荣 杨家乐 郑伟基 程显好 李维焕 WANG Yinglei;YU Guorong;YANG Jiale;ZHENG Weiji;CHENG Xianhao;LI Weihuan(Yantai Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Yantai,Shandong 264001;School of Agriculture,Ludong University/Yantai Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Technology Innovation Center/Modern Seed Industry and Green Planting&Breeding Research Center,Yantai,Shandong 264025;Weihai Xinbao Food Company Limited,Weihai,Shandong 264210;National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land,Dongying,Shandong 257345)

机构地区：[1]烟台市农业技术推广中心,山东烟台264001 [2]鲁东大学农学院,烟台市食药用菌技术创新中心,现代种业与绿色种养研究中心,山东烟台264025 [3]威海鑫宝食品有限公司,山东威海264210 [4]国家盐碱地综合利用技术创新中心,山东东营257345

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第14期116-122,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程资助项目(2023TSGC900,2021TSGC1233);2017年山东省重点研发计划资助项目(2017NC210006);山东省现代农业产业技术体系食用菌创新团队遗传育种岗位资助项目(SDAIT-07-03)。

摘　　要：以平菇为试材,采用添加苹果木屑30%~80%的6个配方栽培平菇,研究废弃苹果木屑栽培平菇对子实体重金属、矿质元素和农残的含量及平菇产量的影响,以期实现废弃苹果木屑的资源化利用,寻找平菇栽培的替代原料以降低栽培成本。结果表明:除了Pb,重金属Cd、Hg、As、Cr、Ni在各配方原料中均被检测到,且随着苹果木屑含量的增加而上升,但6个配方栽培的平菇子实体重金属和农残均不超标;添加50%的苹果木屑配方(即苹果木屑50%、棉籽壳20%、玉米芯20%、麦麸8%、石膏2%、含水量60%)栽培的平菇,产量最高,生物转化率达91.7%,而且K(17068.37±1286.04)mg·kg^(-1)DW、Mg(1487.29±63.17)mg·kg^(-1)DW、Fe(75.02±2.76)mg·kg^(-1)DW、Zn(64.24±2.26)mg·kg^(-1)DW、Mn(8.57±0.28)mg·kg^(-1)DW、Cu(9.75±1.16)mg·kg^(-1)DW的含量较高,确定为苹果木屑栽培平菇的最佳配方。综合原料价格、产量、安全性和矿质营养,苹果木屑可以作为平菇栽培的替代原料。Taking Pleurotus ostreatus as the experimental materials,six formulas with 30%-80%apple sawdust were used to cultivate P.ostreatus.The effects of cultivating P.ostreatus with discarded apple sawdust on the content of heavy metals,mineral elements,and pesticide residues in fruiting bodies,as well as P.ostreatus yield were studied,in order to achieve the resource utilization of discarded apple sawdust and find alternative materials for P.ostreatus cultivation to reduce cultivation costs.The results showed that,except for Pb,heavy metals Cd,Hg,As,Cr,and Ni were detected in all formulations of raw materials,and increased with the increase of apple wood content.However,the heavy metals and pesticide residues in the fruiting bodies of the six formulas of cultivated P.ostreatus did not exceed the standard;the yield of P.ostreatus cultivated with 50%apple sawdust(formula:apple sawdust 50%,cottonseed husk 20%,corn cob 20%,wheat bran 8%,gypsum 2%,water content 60%)was the highest and the biological efficiency reached 91.7%.Moreover,the K(17068.37±1286.04)mg·kg^(-1)DW,Mg(1487.29±63.17)mg·kg^(-1)DW,Fe(75.02±2.76)mg·kg^(-1)DW,Zn(64.24±2.26)mg·kg^(-1)DW,Mn(8.57±0.28)mg·kg^(-1)DW and Cu(9.75±1.16)mg·kg^(-1)DW contents of fruiting bodies cultivated with this formula were higher than others.This formula was determined to be the best formula for cultivating P.ostreatus with apple sawdust.Comprehensive consideration of the raw material prices,yield,safety and mineral nutrition,apple sawdust could be used as an alternative raw material for P.ostreatus cultivation.

关 键 词：生物转化率 重金属 农残 矿质元素 

分 类 号：S646.14[农业科学—蔬菜学]