三江源地区湖塘变化及其与多年冻土联系  

Changes of lakes and ponds in the Three Rivers Source Region and their links to permafrost

作　　者：汤芸淇 汪凌霄 赵林 李艳 李智斌 刘世博 邹德富 王紫珊 刘童 丁嘉怡 赵建婷 TANG Yunqi;WANG Lingxiao;ZHAO Lin;LI Yan;LI Zhibin;LIU Shibo;ZOU Defu;WANG Zishan;LIU Tong;DING Jiayi;ZHAO Jianting(School of Geographical Sciences,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Key Laboratory ofWatershed Geographic Sciences,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,CAS,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,CAS,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学地理科学学院,南京210044 [2]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,中国科学院流域地理学重点研究室,南京210008 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,藏北高原冰冻圈特殊环境与灾害国家野外科学观测研究站,兰州730000

出　　处：《地理科学进展》2024年第7期1441-1455,共15页Progress in Geography

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20200828);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0201);国家自然科学基金项目(42376254)。

摘　　要：近年来,青藏高原湖泊的快速扩张引起广泛关注,已有不少研究系统分析了大于1 km^(2)的大型湖泊的变化动态,但对于面积较小的由于多年冻土退化形成的热融湖塘,其在大范围流域尺度上的分布及变化研究尚不多见。论文基于光学和雷达影像,系统分析了三江源区内湖塘(<1 km^(2))分布及其变化,以及与多年冻土之间的联系,并且首次揭示了湖塘底部融区的分布情况。结果表明:(1)三江源区2020年代(2020—2022年)的湖塘面积达917.03 km^(2),湖塘总数为61608个。其中长江源区湖塘数量最多,达到48987个,黄河源区12459个,澜沧江源区最少。(2)相较于1960年代,2020年代三江源区域面积小于1 km^(2)湖塘数量增加了76%,面积增加了13%。长江源区湖塘扩张明显,黄河源区、澜沧江源区的部分湖塘萎缩。1960年代的湖塘有53%在2020年代依然存在。(3)三江源区80.9%的湖塘底部冬季存在融区,其中长江源有78.2%,黄河源有90.8%,澜沧江源有98.7%。在多年冻土区,有一半底部有融区的湖塘在1960年代就已存在,新增湖塘底部冬季较少存在融区,目前浮冰湖塘范围要远大于触底冰湖塘范围,可能会进一步加速多年冻土融化。研究结果可为分析多年冻土退化状态以及多年冻土退化与热融湖塘发育之间的联系提供基础,为高原地区热融湖塘碳排放研究提供基础数据。In recent years,the rapid expansion of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau has attracted widespread attention,and a number of studies have systematically analyzed the dynamics of changes in large lakes with areas greater than 1 km2.However,the distribution and changes of smaller lakes and ponds formed due to permafrost degradation at the watershed scale have not yet been clarified.In this study,using optical and radar images,we systematically investigated the distribution and changes of lakes and ponds(<1 km^(2))in the Three Rivers Source Region and their relationship with permafrost degradation,and for the first time examined the distribution of taliks at the bottom of the lakes and ponds.The results show that:1)The total area of lakes and ponds in the Three Rivers Source Region in the 2020s(2020-2022)amounted to 917.03 km2,and the total number of lakes and ponds was 61608.The Yangtze River source area had the highest number of lakes and ponds,reaching 48987,followed by the Yellow River source area with 12459,and the Lancang River source area had the smallest number of lakes and ponds.2)Compared with the 1960s,the number of lakes and ponds smaller than 1 km2 in the Three Rivers Source Region increased by 76%in the 2020s,and the total area increased by 13%.Although the expansion of lakes and ponds in the Yangtze River source area was obvious,some lakes and ponds in the Yellow River source area and the Lancang River source area experienced shrinkage.Of the lakes and ponds observed in the 1960s,53%still existed in the 2020s.3)Of the lakes and ponds in the Three Rivers Source Region,80.9%have taliks at their bottoms in winter,including 78.2%in the Yangtze River source area,90.8%in the Yellow River source area,and 98.7%in the Lancang River source area.In the permafrost zone,half of the lakes and ponds with taliks at their bottoms existed in the 1960s,and fewer new lakes and ponds have taliks at their bottoms in winter.Currently,the extent of floating-ice lakes and ponds is much larger than the extent of groundedice lakes an

关 键 词：热融湖塘 多年冻土退化 三江源区 湖塘底部融区 

分 类 号：P642.14[天文地球—工程地质学]