数字化转型如何挑战“小银行优势”理论——基于183家商业银行的经验证据  

How Banks Digital Transformation Challenges“Small Bank Advantage”-Empirical Evidence Based on 183 Commercial Banks

作　　者：程超 高惺惟 Cheng Chao;Gao Xingwei

机构地区：[1]中共江苏省委党校经济学教研部 [2]中共中央党校经济学教研部

出　　处：《财经科学》2024年第7期17-33,共17页Finance & Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“非正规金融与异质性农村家庭创业:驱动机理及适宜边界”(71703070);教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目“乡村振兴战略背景下金融市场结构与农村家庭创业的匹配研究”(21YJC790070)的资助。

摘　　要：本文采用183家商业银行2011—2021年非平衡面板数据,分析银行数字化转型对小微企业融资的影响效应及其作用机制,并深入剖析数字化转型对“小银行优势”理论适用性产生的影响。研究发现:(1)银行数字化转型有助于小微企业融资,且在外部数字金融环境越发达的地区,该促进效应越强。(2)银行数字化转型主要通过降低经营成本和提高信贷效率促进小微企业融资。(3)相较于小银行,数字化转型对大银行发放小微企业贷款的促进效应更强,即银行数字化转型将削弱“小银行优势”理论的适用性。(4)在外部数字金融环境越完善的地区,数字化转型对“小银行优势”理论适用性的削弱程度越大。(5)数字信贷技术与传统信贷技术之间呈现互补而非替代关系。为此,应引导银行尤其是小银行布局数字化转型,加大对小银行的金融风险监管,同时强化数字金融资源共享。This paper uses unbalanced panel data of 183 banks from 2011-2021 to analyze the impact of digital transformation on SMEs financing and its mechanism,analyzing challenges posed by digital transformation to"small bank advantage".Conclusions show that:(1)Banks digital transformation help to improve SMEs financing,promotion effect is stronger in regions with more devel-oped external digital financial environments.(2)The digital transformation mainly promotes SMEs financing by reducing operating costs and improving credit efficiency.(3)Promotion effect of digital transformation on large banks is higher than small banks,digital transformation will weaken"small bank advantage".(4)The more perfect the external digital financial environment is,the greater digital transformation weakens"small bank advantage"(5)There is a complementary between digital and traditional credit technolo-gy.Therefore,banks should be guided to invest in digital transformation,especially for small banks,and increase financial risk super-vision for small banks,while strengthening the sharing of digital financial resources.

关 键 词：数字化转型 小银行优势 小微企业融资 银行规模 

分 类 号：F832.4[经济管理—金融学]