2020-2021年全国疑似职业病分布特征及诊断情况分析  

Analysis on distribution characteristics and diagnosis of reported suspected occupational diseases in China from 2020 to 2021

作　　者：王丹[1] 李欣欣 柳安琪 吴今昊 王鸿飞[1] 胡伟江[1] WANG Dan;LI Xinxin;LIU Anqi;WU Jinhao;WANG Hongfei;HU Weijiang(National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2024年第4期294-301,共8页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的了解全国2020-2021年疑似职业病分布特征及诊断情况,为制修订疑似职业病报告和确保疑似职业病进入诊断的相关政策标准提供依据。方法收集全国在“职业病及健康危害因素监测信息系统”2020-2021年报告的疑似职业病和2020-2022年的职业病病例个案资料,按身份证、姓名和病种匹配,对分布特征和疑似职业病进入职业病诊断率和确诊率进行分析,并对未进入诊断程序的原因进行分析。结果全国2020-2021年共报告60384例疑似职业病病例,其中男性57545例,占95.30%,平均发病年龄50.17岁(45.57,54.46),疑似职业性尘肺病最多,为41389例,占68.54%;西南地区报告的疑似职业病例数最多,为20458例,占33.88%。采矿业、制造业病例数列前2位,分别为31444例和20970例,分别占52.07%和34.73%。在明确企业规模的55708例疑似职业病病例中,24275例分布在小型企业,占43.58%。截至2022年底进入诊断程序的23535例,进入诊断率为38.98%,确诊职业病12502例,疑似职业病确诊率为53.12%。不同病种、病例来源、地区、行业的疑似职业病进入诊断率和确诊率分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)分别为441.875、422.220、6443.944、293.969、293.969、667.819、2213.141、591.271,P<0.01)。大、中、小、微型企业的疑似职业病进入诊断率呈降低趋势(χ^(2)=-67.538,P<0.01),疑似职业病确诊率呈增高趋势(χ^(2)=17.239,P<0.01)。结论全国疑似职业病进入诊断率偏低,应加强对用人单位的监管,提升职业健康检查机构工作的规范和质量,进一步做好职业性尘肺病、职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病以及女工的职业病防治工作。Objective To analysis the distribution characteristics and diagnosis of reported suspected occupational diseases in China from 2020 to 2021.Methods The data of suspected occupational disease cases between 2020 and2021 and occupational disease cases from 2020 to 2022 reported by"Surveillance system of occupational disease and health hazards information"were collected and a descriptive analysis was performed on characteristics and diagnosis status of reported suspected occupational diseases.An analysis on tracking survey data was conducted,which was of the reason for suspected occupational disease case reported in 2020 not entering diagnostic procedure as of Nov.15th,2021.Results A total of 60384 suspected occupational disease cases were reported in China from 2020 to 2021,in which male cases were 57545,the most,counting for 95.30%,and the median age was 50.17 years old(45.57,54.46).There were 41389 suspected pneumoconiosis cases ranking in the top,accounting for 68.54%.The numbers of suspected occupational disease cases in southwest China regions were 20458,counting for 33.88%;and mining industry 31444 cases while manufacturing industries 20970 cases,ranking in the top two,counting for 52.07%and 34.73%,respectively.Among the 55708 suspected occupational disease cases with clear enterprise scale,24275 were distributed in small enterprises,accounting for 43.58%.As of the end of 2022,23535 cases(38.98%)had entered the diagnostic process,and 12502 cases had been diagnosed with occupational diseases,with a diagnosis rate 53.12%.There were statistically significant differences in the rate of suspected occupational disease cases entering the diagnosis process and the diagnosis rate among different disease types,case sources,regions,and industries(χ^(2)were 441.875,422.220,6443.944,293.969,293.969,667.819,2213.141,591.271,respectively,while P<0.01).The rate of suspected occupational diseases entering diagnosis process of large,medium,small,and micro enterprises is decreasing(χ^(2)=-67.538,P<0.01),and the diagnosis rate

关 键 词：疑似职业病 职业病 分布特征 确诊率 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]