2021年全国机械制造业噪声监测结果及所致听力损失风险评估  

Analysis of noise exposure levels and noise-induced hearing loss risk assessment of workers in machinery manufacturing industries in China in 2021

作　　者：张正恒 郑晋南 余悦 杜燮祎[1] 胡伟江[1] ZHANG Zhengheng;ZHENG Jinnan;YU Yue;DU Xieyi;HU Weijiang(National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2024年第4期302-307,335,共7页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的了解我国机械制造业用人单位噪声危害现状,为职业病预防控制政策的制定提供科学依据。方法从国家工作场所职业病危害因素监测系统中获取2021年机械制造行业的噪声监测数据,对9900家机械制造业用人单位噪声监测结果按行业类别、地区、企业规模进行分析,并对各行业接触噪声工人进行听力损失风险评估。结果2021年工作场所职业病危害因素监测机械制造业噪声岗位超标率以金属制品业最高,为38.55%,除通用和专用设备制造业外,其余行业噪声岗位超标率均超过33%;地区分布以西南地区噪声岗位超标率最高,为38.44%,其余地区均超过29%;企业规模以大型企业噪声岗位超标率最高,为41.61%,且随着企业规模增大,噪声岗位超标率呈现上升的趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=11.25,P<0.05)。此外,机械制造业所有行业噪声岗位工人听力损失风险值随接噪工龄增加而升高,且金属制品业及铁路、船舶、航空航天和其他运输设备制造业致听力损失的风险分级均存在较高风险。结论我国机械制造业职业性噪声危害形势仍十分严峻,需加强对该行业噪声源的治理,对接触高噪声的劳动者需佩戴护听器,并加大日常的监管。Objective To understand the status of noise hazards in machinery manufacturing industries in China and to provide the scientific basis for the policies of prevention and control of occupational diseases.Methods Data was collected through the National Surveillance Project of Occupational Hazards in the Workplace in 2021,and noise surveillance data from 9900 enterprises were analyzed by industry type,region and enterprise scale in machinery manufacturing industries.And hearing loss risk assessment of workers exposed to noise in various industries was conducted.Results About 38.55%of noise measurement exceed the limit in the metal products industry,which was the highest among mechanical manufacturing industries through the National Surveillance Project for Occupational Hazards in the Workplace in 2021.Over 33%of the posts were with noise exposure exceeding the limit in other industries except for the general and special equipment manufacturing industry.The exceedance rate of noise exposure in Southwest China was 38.44%,which was the highest region in China,and the exceedance rate of noise exposure in the rest of regions were over 29%.The exceedance rate of noise exposure in the large enterprises was 41.61%,which was the highest among all scales of enterprises,and the exceedance rates showed an increasing trend with the enterprise scales increasing(χ^(2)_(trend)=11.25,P<0.05).Furthermore,the risk value of noise-induced hearing loss for workers in machinery manufacturing industries increased with the increase of noise exposure.The risk classification of hearing loss for workers in the metal products industry and railway,ship,air and other transportation equipment manufacturing industries showed the existence of high risk.Conclusion The status of occupational noise hazards for workers in machinery manufacturing industries is still severe in China,requiring enhanced control over noise sources in this sector.Workers exposed to high levels of noise need to wear hearing protectors and noise surveillance,needs to be streng

关 键 词：机械制造业 噪声 监测结果 听力损失 风险评估 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]