2020-2022年某地噪声作业人员职业健康检查结果分析  

Analyzing the results of occupational health examination for workers exposed to noise in a place from 2020 to 2022

作　　者：区献文 邓惠玲 饶丹 姚丁铭 赵小玲 罗毅英 OU Xianwen;DENG Huiling;RAO Dan;YAO Dingming;ZHAO Xiaoling;LUO Yiying(Physical examination department of Gaoming district of Foshan City chronic disease prevention station,Guangdong528500,China)

机构地区：[1]佛山市高明区慢性病防治站体检科,广东528500

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2024年第4期322-325,342,共5页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：佛山市卫生健康局医学科研课题(20220400)。

摘　　要：目的分析接触噪声危害因素的作业人员职业健康检查数据,探讨噪声对作业人员健康的损害。方法选择2020-2022年在同一个体检机构至少进行一次在岗期间职业健康检查的噪声作业人员为观察对象,连续监测和收集在岗期间职业健康检查数据,对听力损失、血压、心电图等结果进行统计分析,符合要求的观察对象人数:2020年2528人,2021年2281人,2022年2151人。结果血压偏高检出率由2020年的9.9%上升到2022年的19.4%(χ^(2)=90.57,P<0.01);心电图异常检出率由2020年的19.8%上升到2022年的26.4%(χ^(2)=29.11,P<0.01);纯音听阈测试语频听阈异常检出率由2020年的2.0%上升到2022年的9.9%(χ^(2)=136.32,P<0.01);高频听阈异常检出率由2020年的30.70%上升到2022年的33.66%(χ^(2)=5.02,P<0.05);血压偏高检出率男性高于女性(χ^(2)=18.65、20.33、17.34,P均<0.05),心电图异常的检出率女性高于男性(χ^(2)=4.91、27.96、9.70,P均<0.05),随着工人年龄的增加,血压偏高和心电图的异常检出率呈上升趋势(χ^(2)=1073.02、943.88、895.75、1058.78、917.09、857.03,P均<0.05)。听力异常检出率男性高于女性,随着工人的年龄和接触噪声的工龄的增加,工人听力异常的检出率呈上升趋势(χ^(2)=20.38、37.02、17.55、330.75、239.94、101.52,P<0.05)。结论噪声造成听力损伤、血压偏高、心电图的异常改变随着工人的年龄和接触噪声的工龄的增加而呈上升趋势,严重影响作业人员的身体健康,应加强职业健康监护和健康宣教,切实保护劳动者健康。Objective To analyze the occupational health examination data of workers exposed to noise,and to explore the damage of noise to the health of workers.Methods least one on-job occupational health examination in the same physical examination institution from 2020 to 2022 were selected as the observation objects.The data of on-job occupational health examination were continuously monitored and collected,and the hearing loss,blood pressure,electrocardiogram and other results were statistically analyzed.2528 in2020,2281 in 2021 and 2151 in 2022.Results The rate of high blood pressure increased from 9.9%in 2020 to 19.4%in 2022(χ^(2)=90.57,P<0.01);the detection rate of abnormal electrocardiogram increased from 19.8%in 2020 to26.4%in 2022(χ^(2)=29.11,P<0.01);the detection rate of speech frequency threshold abnormality increased from 2.0%in 2020 to 9.9%in 2022(χ^(2)=136.32,P<0.01);the detection rate of high-frequency threshold abnormality increased from 30.7%in 2020 to 33.6%in 2022(χ^(2)=5.02,P<0.05);the detection rate of high blood pressure is higher in men than in women(χ^(2)=18.65,20.33,17.34,P<0.05);the detection rate of electrocardiogram(ECG)abnormalities was higher in women than in men(χ^(2)=4.91,27.96,9.70,P<0.05);with the increasing age of workers,the rate of high blood pressure and abnormal detection of ECG is increasing(χ^(2)=1073.02,943.88,895.75,1058.78,917.09,857.03,P<0.05);the detection rate of hearing abnormalities was higher in men than in women;with workers'increased age and seniority of noise exposure,the detection rate of hearing abnormalities in workers is increasing(χ^(2)=20.38,37.02,17.55,330.75,239.94,101.52,P<0.05).Conclusion Noise causes hearing impairment,high blood pressure,and abnormal changes of electrocardiogram increase with the age of workers and the length of service exposed to noise.Seriously affects the health of the workers.Occupational health monitoring and health education should be strengthened to effectively protect the health of workers.

关 键 词：噪声 职业健康监护 血压 心电图 听力损失 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]