侦查中人脸识别的法律规制:欧盟经验与中国路径  

Legal Regulation of Face Recognition in Investigation:EU Experience and the China's Approach

作　　者：王仲羊 WANG Zhongyang(School of Criminal Investigation,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学刑事侦查学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《中国刑警学院学报》2024年第3期14-25,共12页Journal of Criminal Investigation Police University of China

基　　金：2023年度教育部人文社会科学研究西部和边疆地区项目(编号:23XJC820004);2024年度泸州市社科应用研究提质工程重点研究基地课题(编号:JD-AQ2409);2024年度四川省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地反恐怖主义研究中心课题(编号:FK2024ZD03)。

摘　　要：人脸识别技术的运用增强了侦查活动的犯罪控制能力,但也产生了干预基本权利的风险,而我国现行规范割裂了程序规制与数据规制,未能形成对人脸识别的有效治理。欧盟一方面通过“二步式”的审查结构,实现对人脸识别的程序规制;另一方面,欧盟诉诸特殊数据保护、数据权利保护、数据监管措施,实现对人脸识别的数据规制。有鉴于欧盟经验,我国在程序规制方面,应区分人脸识别中采集、验证、辨识等任意侦查行为,以及分析、追踪等强制侦查行为;在数据规制方面,应遵循敏感个人信息保护规则,引入个人信息权利,建构数据监管体系。The application of facial recognition technology has enhanced the crime control capabilities of investigative activities,but it has also created risks of intervening in basic rights.The current regulations in our country have separated procedural regulations from data regulations,and have not formed effective governance for facial recognition.The EU has implemented a two-step review structure to regulate facial recognition procedures.Accordingly,the EU has employed specialized data protection,data rights protection,and data regulatory measures to achieve data regulation for facial recognition.China should learn from the experience of the European Union.In terms of procedural regulation,distinguish between arbitrary investigation behaviors such as collection,verification,and recognition in facial recognition,as well as mandatory investigation behaviors such as analysis and tracking.In terms of data regulation,follow the rules for protecting sensitive personal information,introduce personal information rights,and construct a robust data supervision system.

关 键 词：人脸识别 欧盟 程序规制 数据规制 

分 类 号：D918.2[政治法律—法学]