空中战勤人员认知能力的心理测量研究  

A study on psychometrics of the cognitive ability for air combat personnel

作　　者：张莉莉 邓学谦 邓略 郑珺文 孙玮 丛聪 刘庆峰 武国城 伊丽 冀建民 蒋科 Zhang Lili;Deng Xueqian;Deng Lue;Zheng Junwen;Sun Wei;Cong Cong;Liu Qingfeng;Wu Guocheng;Yi Li;Ji Jianmin;Jiang Ke(Aerospace Medicine Overall Demonstration Research Department,Air Force Medical Center,Air Force Medical University,PLA,Beijing 100142,China;Aeronautical Psychology Department,Air Force Medical Center,Air Force Medical University,PLA,Beijing 100142,China;Air Force Early Warning Academy,Wuhan 430019,China;Acceleration Physiology Department,Air Force Medical Center,Air Force Medical University,PLA,Beijing 100142,China)

机构地区：[1]空军军医大学空军特色医学中心空天医学总体论证研究室,北京100142 [2]空军军医大学空军特色医学中心航空心理研究室,北京100142 [3]中国人民解放军空军预警学院,武汉430019 [4]空军军医大学空军特色医学中心加速度生理研究室,北京100142

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2024年第1期12-17,共6页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

摘　　要：目的对空中战勤人员认知能力测量方法进行研究,为开展此类人员的心理选拔建立基础。方法参加本研究人员共390人,包括雷达操作员142人、雷达学院学员117人、空中战勤人员45人和雷达学兵86人。在工作分析基础上编制了图形辨别、工作记忆、目标跟踪、语音抗扰和综合管理5项认知测验任务。通过受试者测验结果的分布图形和差异系数评估区分度。以相关受试者的工作绩效或学科成绩为效标,通过认知测验成绩与效标成绩的相关性检验效标关联效度;以30名空中战勤人员对测验能力与空中战勤任务需要程度的9级评分(1~9分)和30名专家对测验能力是否为实际工作所需的评价考察内容效度。根据各测验的结果分别检验复本信度、重测信度和分半信度。结果各项测验原始分数接近正态分布,筛选后指标的差异系数为14.4%~111.0%;信度为0.764~0.827,效标关联效度为0.186~0.445,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);30名空中战勤人员认为各项测验好(7~9分)的分别占53.3%~83.3%,30名专家认为试验项目测试的能力是实际工作所需要或基本所需的占93.3%。结论本套测验方法具有较好的内容效度,区分度、信度和效标关联效度满足心理测量学要求,尤以图形辨别、工作记忆和目标跟踪3个测验的区分度较高,可作为空中战勤人员选拔的认知能力测评工具使用。Objective To establish a foundation for the psychological selection of air combat personnel by studying the cognitive ability measurement methods for air combat personnel.Methods The tests were done for 390 subjects including 142 radar operators,117 radar academy students,45 air combat personnel,and 86 radar trainees.Based on job analysis,5 cognitive test tasks were developed,including graphic discrimination,working memory test,target tracking,voice anti-jamming,and comprehensive management.The discrimination was evaluated by the distribution graphs and coefficients of variation of the test results.The criterion-related validity was examined by correlating the cognitive test scores with the participants'work performance or academic grades,which served as the criteria.Content validity was determined by a 9-level scoring(1-9)of task necessity that collected from 30 air combat personnel and by the assessments of necessity of tested abilities that came from 30 experts.The parallel forms reliability,test-retest reliability and split-half reliability were tested respectively according to the results of each test.Results The original scores of each test showed approximate normal distribution.The selected indicators'coefficients of variation were 14.4%-111.0%,reliabilities were 0.764-0.827,and criterion-related validities were 0.186-0.445,all of which were statistically significant(all P<0.05).In 30 air combat personnel,53.3%-83.3%scored 7-9 to the necessity of test items,and 93.3%of 30 experts gave the required or basically required evaluations to the test items.Conclusions The series tests show good content validity,and discrimination,reliability and the criterion-related validity meet the requirements of psychometrics.Especially the tests of graphic discrimination,working memory and target tracking expressed higher degree of discrimination,and can be used as cognitive ability assessment tool for the selection of air combat personnel.

关 键 词：认知 心理学试验 信度 效度 空中战勤人员 

分 类 号：R82[医药卫生—临床医学]