民航空勤人员视疲劳状况的初步调查分析  

Preliminary investigation and analysis of asthenopia in civil aviation aircrews

作　　者：张亚辉[1] 武烜 李小曼 张世鹏 张铮铮[1] 李鹏 Zhang Yahui;Wu Xuan;Li Xiaoman;Zhang Shipeng;Zhang Zhengzheng;Li Peng(Aviation Health Center of China Southern Airlines Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510405,China;China Southern Airlines Co.,Ltd.,Xi′an Branch Aviation Clinic Room,Xi′an 710018,China;Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou 325000,China;Cabin Department of China Southern Airlines Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510405,China)

机构地区：[1]中国南方航空股份有限公司航空卫生中心,广州510405 [2]中国南方航空股份有限公司西安分公司航卫室,西安710018 [3]温州医科大学附属眼视光医院,温州325000 [4]中国南方航空股份有限公司客舱部,广州510405

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2024年第1期34-39,共6页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

摘　　要：目的初步调查民航空勤人员视疲劳现状并分析其影响因素,为切实做好空勤人员的航卫保障工作提供支持。方法采用横断面调查研究。于2022年9月23日至12月29日采用温州医科大学附属眼视光医院视疲劳研究团队研制的视疲劳调查量表-17对中国南方航空股份有限公司空勤人员进行视疲劳问卷调查研究。对空勤人员的视疲劳现状、视疲劳调查量表-17症状相关部分进行评价分析;采用多因素Logistic回归分析视疲劳发生的危险因素。结果本研究共回收问卷556份,有效问卷516份,有效率为92.8%;空勤人员视疲劳检出率为31.40%。不同性别、工种及屈光不正的空勤人员视疲劳的检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.07、11.83、8.34,P=0.002、0.003、0.004),不同年龄段(<40岁和≥40岁)及有无角膜屈光手术的空勤人员视疲劳的检出率差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。不同近距离用眼时间、睡眠质量、焦虑甚至抑郁的空勤人员视疲劳的检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=16.33、36.34、62.65,P=0.003、<0.001、<0.001),且视疲劳的检出率随近距离用眼时间的增加、睡眠质量的降低、焦虑甚至抑郁的严重程度呈递增趋势。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,工种、近距离用眼时间、睡眠质量、焦虑甚至抑郁及屈光不正是视疲劳发生的危险因素(OR=1.881~5.824,P=0.007~0.040)。视疲劳调查量表-17症状相关部分调查结果显示,空勤人员视疲劳眼部症状前3位为眼干、眼酸和眼周不适;量表平均得分为18.06分。结论民航空勤人员视疲劳检出率较高,初步分析视疲劳发生的病因为干眼、近距离用眼过多、屈光不正及精神因素。航空医师应针对视疲劳发生的危险因素给予科学合理的建议与干预,为空勤人员的视觉健康提供专业保障。Objective To provide support for efficient aeromedical support to aircrews by preliminarily investigating the current situation of asthenopia in civil aviation aircrews and analyzing its influencing factors.Methods A cross-sectional study was used.Seventeen items of Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ-17),that was developed by the asthenopia research team of Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,was conducted on aircrews of China Southern Airlines Co.,Ltd.from September 23,2022 to December 29,2022.The situation and risk factors of asthenopia,as well as the symptoms mentioned in ASQ-17 were evaluated and analyzed in civil aviation aircrews.The risk factors of asthenopia were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 556 questionnaires were collected,and 516 were valid,with an effective recovery rate of 92.8%.The detection rate of asthenopia in civil aviation aircrews was 31.40%.There were significant differences in the detection rate of asthenopia between genders and the groups with and without ametropia and among the job types of aircrews(χ^(2)=10.07,8.34,11.83,P=0.002,0.004,0.003),but there was no significant difference in the detection rate of asthenopia between age groups(<40 years and≥40 years)and whether corneal refractive surgery of aircrews(both P>0.05).There were significant differences in the detection rate of asthenopia among the aircrews with varying durations of close-up eye use,different sleep qualities and severities of anxiety even depression(χ^(2)=16.33,36.34,62.65,P=0.003,<0.001,<0.001),with an increasing trend in the detection rates of asthenopia corresponding to the prolonged durations of close-up eye use,the decreased sleep quality and the aggravated anxiety even depression.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that job types,duration of close-up eye use,sleep quality,anxiety even depression and ametropia were the main risk factors for the occurrence of asthenopia(OR=1.881-5.824,P=0.007-0.040).The results of ASQ-17 showed that the top 3 eyes s

关 键 词：视疲劳 危险因素 问卷调查 空勤人员 

分 类 号：R85[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]