粮食安全背景下现代育种产业变革及发展对策  

The transformation and development countermeasures of modern breeding industry under the background of food security

作　　者：黄写勤 梅永红 徐冠华[3] Huang Xieqin;Mei Yonghong;Xu Guanhua

机构地区：[1]中山大学测绘科学与技术学院 [2]华谷研究院 [3]中国科学院

出　　处：《全球化》2024年第4期114-124,136,共12页Globalization

基　　金：中国科学院咨询评议项目“转基因与粮食安全战略”(2020-ZW02-A-012)资助。

摘　　要：现代农业的持续发展面临着粮食安全的重大挑战。在生命科学时代,粮食安全问题在很大程度上取决于现代育种技术和其产业化进展。近年来,生物技术迅速发展,育种技术已经从传统育种逐步跨入现代育种时代。如今,转基因、基因编辑、合成生物等技术为世界粮食安全带来了新的希望。尽管现代育种技术取得了显著进步,但其在全球范围内的产业化进程仍存在一些挑战。首先,传统育种技术在面对农作物产量、品质、抗病虫性等问题时已难有突破。其次,在转基因育种、基因编辑、合成生物技术等领域,新技术如何与产业化相结合,提升农业生产的产量与效益,也是值得探讨的问题。本文系统介绍转基因、基因编辑、合成生物等主流育种技术,并对这些作物的优势、前景以及对农业格局的影响做概括性介绍,进而分析当前中国的优势和差距;结合国内外的典型案例,通过大量统计数据综合介绍中国的应用现状,并对未来的发展提出对策建议。The sustainable development of modern agriculture faces major challenges to food security.In the era of life sciences,the issue of food security depends to a large extent on modern breeding technology and the progress of its industrialization.In recent years,biotechnology has developed rapidly,and breeding technology has gradually entered the era of modern breeding from traditional breeding.Today,technologies such as genetically modified organisms,gene editing,and synthetic biology have brought new hope for world food security.Despite the remarkable progress of modern breeding technology,there are still some challenges in its industrialization process on a global scale.First of all,it is difficult to make breakthroughs in traditional breeding techniques in the face of crop yield,quality,disease and insect resistance.Secondly,in the fields of transgenic breeding,gene editing,and synthetic biotechnology,how to combine new technologies with industrialization to improve the yield and efficiency of agricultural production is also worth exploring.In this paper,we systematically introduce the mainstream breeding technologies such as transgenic,gene editing,and synthetic biology,and give a general introduction to the advantages,prospects,and impacts of these crops on the agricultural landscape,and then analyze the current advantages and gaps in China;combined with typical cases at home and abroad,this paper comprehensively introduces the application status of China through a large number of statistical data,and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for future development.

关 键 词：粮食安全 现代育种技术 转基因作物 基因编辑 合成生物学 

分 类 号：F324.6[经济管理—产业经济]