北方土石山区薄土坡耕地石坎反坡阶措施减流减沙效益分析  

Benefits of Stone-sill Reverse-slope Terraces to Soil and Water Conservation on Thin-soiled Sloping Farmland in Earthy-Rocky Mountainous Area of North China

作　　者：姜宇 程宏远 JIANG Yu;CHENG Hong-yuan(Zhejiang Branch of China Water Resources Pearl River Planning Surveying&Designing Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310000,China)

机构地区：[1]中水珠江规划勘测设计有限公司浙江分公司,杭州310000

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2024年第8期55-62,共8页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

摘　　要：为解决我国北方土石山区薄土坡耕地水土流失问题,通过布设标准径流小区来研究石坎反坡阶措施的水土保持综合效果。结果表明:石坎反坡阶措施对于坡耕地水土流失调控效果显著,该措施相较于等高耕作措施,坡面径流削减率和泥沙削减率分别达到68.57%和94.29%;石坎反坡阶措施在提高坡面土壤水分含量、提高坡面水分分布均匀度方面能够发挥出良好的作用,该措施相较于等高耕作措施,坡面总体土壤水分含量提高了7.78%;石坎反坡阶措施能够显著提高坡耕地的农作物产量,相较于常规等高耕作措施,玉米产量提高了12.69%。石坎反坡阶的设计及作用效果研究,丰富了我国北方土石山区薄土坡耕地的水土流失治理途径。To address the issue of soil erosion on sloping farmland with thin soils in the earth-rocky mountainous area of north China,we established standard runoff plots to investigate the comprehensive soil and water conservation effectiveness of stone-sill reverse-slope terraces.Our findings revealed a significant control effect on water and soil loss:runoff and sediment were reduced by 68.57%and 94.29%,respectively,compared to contour farming.Stone-sill reverse-slope terraces effectively increased soil moisture content and ensured a more uniform distribution of water across the slopes.The total soil moisture content increased by 7.78%compared to contour farming plots.Additionally,the stone-sill reverse-slope terraces markedly enhanced crop yields on sloping farmland;corn yields increased by 12.69%compared to contour farming.Our design and study of the stone-sill reverse-slope terrace contribute to the soil and water conservation methods for thin-soiled sloping farmland in north China’s earth-rocky mountainous areas.

关 键 词：石坎反坡阶 薄土坡耕地 水土流失 北方土石山区 径流 土壤水分 

分 类 号：S157.9[农业科学—土壤学]