人力资本投资税收激励与企业劳动收入份额  

Human Capital Investment Tax Incentives and the Corporate Labor Income Share

作　　者：刘明慧[1] 何雪婷 王晓佳 Liu Minghui;He Xueting;Wang Xiaojia

机构地区：[1]东北财经大学财政税务学院 [2]河北经贸大学财政税务学院

出　　处：《财政科学》2024年第5期80-98,共19页Fiscal Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“小微企业纾困解难减税政策:效果评估、政策协同与优化设计”(项目编号:72373017)。

摘　　要：人力资本是决定劳动收入的基础性因素,对劳动收入份额具有重要影响。本文将企业职工教育经费税前扣除政策视为一项准自然实验,采用双重差分模型识别该税改政策与企业劳动收入份额的因果关系。研究发现,职工教育经费税改提升企业劳动收入份额。机制分析表明,职工教育经费税改引致的人力资本水平提升使员工平均工资增加,进而使企业劳动收入份额提高,员工议价能力的提升能够加大其对企业劳动收入份额的促进作用。异质性分析表明,企业规模越小、所在行业集中度越低,劳动收入份额所受的正向影响越大。进一步分析结果表明,职工教育经费税改缩小了企业内部高管与普通员工的收入差距,并促进了企业数字化转型。本文的研究发现为从职工教育视角提升劳动收入份额提供了政策启示。Human capital is a fundamental factor which could determine labor income and has a significant impact on the labor income share.This paper uses a DID model to identify the causal relationship between the policy and the corporate labor income share by regarding the tax credit policy of employee education expenditure as a quasi-natural experiment.It is found that the policy increases the corporate labor income share.Mechanism analysis suggests that the improvement in human capital levels leads to an increase in average wage,thereby raising the corporate labor income share.The bargaining power of employees can enhance the promoting effect between the policy and the corporate labor income share.Heterogeneity analysis shows that smaller enterprises and enterprises with lower industry concentration experience a greater positive impact on the corporate labor income share.Further analysis shows that the policy reduces the income gap between top executives and ordinary employees,and promotes digital transformation.The study provides policy enlightenment for increasing the corporate labor income share from the perspective of employee education.

关 键 词：企业劳动收入份额 人力资本 职工教育经费 税收激励 

分 类 号：F812.42[经济管理—财政学]