长治市番茄早疫病病原菌鉴定及防治药剂筛选  

Identification and Fungicide Selection of Alternaria solani Causing Tomato Early Blight in Changzhi

作　　者：苏秀敏 韩文清 王佼 李鹏 王秋兰 李万星 李丹[1] 李小霞 SU Xiumin;HAN Wenqing;WANG Jiao;LI Peng;WANG Qiulan;LI Wanxing;LI Dan;LI Xiaoxia(Institute of Millet of Shanxi Agricultural University,Changzhi,Shanxi 046000;Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Luzhou,Changzhi,Shanxi 046000)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学谷子研究所,山西长治046000 [2]长治市潞州区农业农村局,山西长治046000

出　　处：《核农学报》2024年第9期1715-1723,共9页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省基础研究计划青年科学研究项目(202203021212447)。

摘　　要：为明确山西省长治地区番茄早疫病病原菌种类,验证不同化学杀菌剂和生物杀菌剂对该病的防效及生物杀菌剂混配对该病的防治增效作用,本研究以番茄早疫病病叶为试材,采用组织分离、菌物形态特征及rDNA-ITS基因序列分析方法鉴定病原菌;采用菌丝生长速率法和田间药效试验测定3种化学杀菌剂和2种生物杀菌剂的室内生物活性及和田间防效,并测定2种生物杀菌剂等比例混配对番茄早疫病的协同增效作用,探讨不同化学杀菌剂单剂和生物杀菌剂单剂及生物杀菌剂混配对番茄早疫病的防治效果。结果表明,引起长治地区番茄早疫病的病原菌为茄链格孢菌(Alternaria solani)。室内测定结果表明,10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、325 g·L^(-1)苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂、25%咪鲜胺乳油、4%春雷霉素可湿性粉剂和10%多抗霉素可湿性粉剂对茄链格孢菌的药剂有效中浓度(EC50)分别是0.5486、0.0091、0.0595、0.4414和0.2429。田间防效试验中,第二次施药后7 d,苯醚甲环唑对番茄早疫病防效达72.54%,两种化学杀菌剂咪鲜胺和苯甲·嘧菌酯防效分别为69.94%和71.17%。生物杀菌剂多抗霉素和春雷霉素防效分别为69.65%和69.34%,二者1∶1混配后的EC50值为0.016、增效系数为1.96。混配后,第二次施药7 d后的防效为74.17%,高于单剂(3种化学杀菌剂和2种生物杀菌剂)防效。综上,10%多抗霉素可湿性粉剂和4%春雷霉素可湿性粉剂1∶1混配施用可作为山西省长治市番茄早疫病的备用药剂。本研究结果可为降低化学杀菌剂的使用量和减少农药抗药性提供理论支持,为生产上杀菌剂混用及开发防治番茄早疫病的新型高效复配剂提供依据。In order to confirm the type of tomato early blight pathogen in the Changzhi area of Shanxi Province,and to test the control efficacy of different chemical and biological fungicides on the tomato early blight,as well as the joint-toxicity of mixtures of biological fungicides on tomato early blight,tomato early blight leaves was used as experimental material.The identification of the type of pathogenic bacteria was conducted using tissue separation,morphological characteristics,rDNA-ITS gene sequence method.The mycelial growth rate method and field efficacy trial were employed to determine the indoor toxicity and field efficacy of three kinds of chemical fungicides and second two kinds of biological fungicides.Additionally,the joint-toxicity when their weight ratios were at 1∶1 of two kinds of biological fungicides were determined.The study also disussed the control effects of single chemical and biological fungicides,as well as mixture of biological fungicides,on tomato early blight.The results showed that Alternaria solani was the pathogen causing tomato early blight in Changzhi area.Indoor measurement results indicated that the EC50 of 10%Difenoconazole WG against Alternaria solani was 0.5486,325 g·L^(-1)Difenoconazole azoxystrobin SC was 0.0091,25%Prochloraz EC was 0.0595,4%Kasugamycin WP was 0.4414 and 10%Colistin WP was 0.2429.In a field control experiment conducted 7 days after the second application,it was found that the control effect of difenoconazole on tomato early blight reached to 72.54%,the control effects of two chemical fungicides,prochloraz and difenoconazole azoxystrobin,were respectively 69.94%and 71.17%.The control effects of two chemical fungicides,colistin and kasugamycin,were 69.65%and 69.34%.The mixtures of colistin and kasugamycin exhibited synergistic effect on Alternaria solani when their weight ratios were at 1∶1,with the synergistic coefficient of 1.96 and EC50 of 0.016.After mixing,the prevention effect at 7 days after the second application can reach approximately 74.17%,which

关 键 词：番茄早疫病 分离与鉴定 药剂筛选 联合毒力 防效 

分 类 号：S436.412.14[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]