缓/控释硫酸铵减量施用对玉米生长及土壤氮素平衡的影响  

Effects of Reduced Application of Slow/Controlled Release Ammonium Sulfate on Maize Growth and Soil Nitrogen Balance

作　　者：闫双堆[1,2] 江慧姝 董馨宇 张延慧 郭探文 韩莹 刘宇 闫秋艳 YAN Shuangdui;JIANG Huishu;DONG Xinyu;ZHANG Yanhui;GUO Tanwen;HAN Ying;LIU Yu;YAN Qiuyan(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801;National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801;Institute of Wheat Research,Shanxi Agricultural University,Linfen,Shanxi 041000)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西农业大学农业资源与环境国家级实验教学示范中心,山西太谷030801 [3]山西农业大学小麦研究所,山西临汾041000

出　　处：《核农学报》2024年第9期1772-1781,共10页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划项目(201803D221003-2);山西省研究生创新项目(2022Y341);山西农业大学博士启动计划项目(2022BQ37)。

摘　　要：为筛选工业副产物—硫酸铵的最优处置措施,采用双因素裂区设计,主因素为施氮水平:常规施肥(C)、减量施肥(D);副因素为氮肥类型:尿素(U)、硫酸铵(AS)、缓/控释硫酸铵Ⅰ型(ASN、硫酸铵+硝化抑制剂)、缓/控释硫酸铵Ⅱ型(ASO、油脂包膜硫酸铵)、缓/控释硫酸铵Ⅲ型(ASH、油脂-腐植酸包膜硫酸铵),共10个处理,研究辅以不同增效措施后,硫酸铵施用对玉米(Zea mays L.)生长、氮吸收及土壤氮素平衡的影响。结果表明,减量施肥下,ASO处理的单穗重、穗长和植株干物质量均最高,分别较其他处理提高1.80%~30.29%、2.00%~13.91%和5.65%~24.21%。常规施肥下U处理玉米农艺性状指标高于其他氮肥类型处理。两种施氮水平下,缓/控释硫酸铵型施肥处理的有效穗数分别较其他处理提高5.36%~25.93%和9.82%~32.76%,以ASO处理最优,且其在减量施肥下的玉米叶片氮积累量显著高于其他处理;玉米产量则均以AS处理最低;ASH处理0~20 cm土层土壤各形态氮含量均显著高于其他氮肥类型,20~40 cm土层土壤碱解氮含量是其他处理的1.45~2.55倍;ASO处理20~40 cm土层土壤碱解氮、铵态氮含量均处于中等水平,说明ASO处理具有较好的缓/控释效果。所有氮肥类型在常规施肥下的表观氮损失均高于其减量施肥,且减量施肥下ASO处理的表观氮损失显著低于其他处理(U处理除外)。综上,与其他处理相比,减量施用油脂包膜硫酸铵可改善玉米农艺性状,显著提高玉米产量,降低土壤表观氮损失。本研究为推动工业副产硫酸铵的高效资源化利用提供了理论依据。In order to select the optimal measures for industrial by-product-ammonium sulfate,a two-factor split plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different efficiency enhancing measures of ammonium sulfate on maize growth,nitrogen accumulation,and nitrogen balance.The main plots were nitrogen application levels:conventional fertilization(C)and reduced fertilization(D),and the subplots were nitrogen types:urea(U),ammonium sulfate(AS),slow/controlled release ammonium sulfate typeⅠ(ASN,ammonium sulfate+nitrification inhibitor),slow/controlled release ammonium sulfate typeⅡ(ASO,oilcoated ammonium sulfate),slow/controlled release ammonium sulfate typeⅢ(ASH,oil-humic acid coated ammonium sulfate),a total of ten treatments.Results showed that,under D condition,compared with other treatments,the ASO had the highest single ear weight,ear length and plant dry matter weight,which were increased by 1.80%-30.29%,2.00%-13.91%and 5.65%-24.21%,respectively.Under C condition,the U treatment had higher agronomic traits than other nitrogen fertilizer types In both fertilization levels(D and C),compared to other treatments,the slow/controlled release ammonium sulfate fertilization treatments had higher effective ear number,increasing by 5.36%-25.93%and 9.82%-32.76%,respectively,and ASO was the best.Meanwhile,nitrogen accumulation of maize leaves of ASO under D was significantly higher than that of other treatments.The maize yield was lowest under AS in both fertilization levels.The soil nitrogen contents of various forms in 0-20 cm under ASH were significantly higher than other nitrogen application types,soil alkalihydrolyzed nitrogen content in 20-40 cm was 1.45-2.55 times higher than that of other fertilization treatments.The ASO showed better slow/controlled release effect due to the moderate level of alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen contents in 20-40 cm soil layer.The nitrogen loss of all nitrogen fertilizer types under C was higher than that under D,and the nitrogen loss under D was significantly

关 键 词：硫酸铵 缓/控释 减施 产量 氮素平衡 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]